BACKGROUND: Few studies have attempted to compare the differences in the prevalence and impact factors of hysterical tendencies (HTs) in adolescents. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of adolescents' HTs across three eastern Chinese provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang). METHODS: A multicenter, school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in three provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang) in China in 2014. The sample included 10,131 middle-school students aged 13-18 years who were randomly selected using a multiphase, stratified, cluster sampling technique. A two-stage appraisal procedure was used to determine the adolescents' HTs. We also designed a multicenter, school-based, case control (1329 cases with 2661 control individuals) study to collect data on the common factors affecting this population using a common protocol and questionnaire. RESULTS: An overall positive rate of HTs among adolescents across the three eastern Chinese provinces studied was found at 13.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.5-13.8%), at 14.5% (95% CI 13.3-15.7%) for females, and at 12.2% (95% CI 11.1-13.4%) for males. Gender-stratified, multiple conditional regression analyses revealed that superstitious beliefs pertaining to life, somatotype, teacher-student satisfaction, and family achievement orientation were significantly linked to HTs only in males, while left-behind adolescents, emotional and social adaptation, teacher-student support, family cohesion, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - depression scores were significantly associated with female HTs only. The models indicated that of all the independent variables studied, family medical history was the strongest impact factor for both male HTs (adjusted matched odds ratio (amOR) = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.84-4.86) and female HTs (amOR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.59-4.98). CONCLUSIONS HTs are prevalent among adolescents in the three eastern Chinese provinces studied. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of HTs are significant in adolescents, and HTs seem to affect more females than males. Therefore, sex-specific intervention programs against HTs in adolescents should be considered to reduce HT prevalence in adolescents by modifying influential social, school, and family factors.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Histrionic Personality Disorder ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Students ; psychology

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hysteria ; epidemiology ; Schools

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Hoarseness ; therapy ; Humans ; Hysteria ; therapy ; Male

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to see an incidence of depression, and to see the characteristics of demographic variables, maternal psychologic state and family environments in adolescent children with type I DM who was in depressive mood. METHODS: Among children with type I DM who participated in a diabetes summer camp which was held in Daegu between August 6th and 10th, 2004, authors sent questainnaires which included CDI/ BDI for children, MMPI and SCL-90 for patients' mothers, and FES which mothers were asked to respond to the 40 patients' house after gaining parents and patients' permission by telephoning. Twenty-three out of 40 patients completed these questainnaires. Study patients consisted of 10 boys and 13 girls. Their mean age was 13.3 years. RESULTS: There were significant differences in maternal MMPI and SCL-90 between depressive and non-depressive group. Among the maternal MMPI, the t-scores of hypochondriasis and hysteria in depressive group were higher than those of non- depressive group. And among the dimension of SCL-90, t-score of depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety and psychoticism in depressive group were higher than those of non-depressive group (P<0.05). These findings were concordant with prior findings that the mothers of diabeteic childen were more depressed and anxious than the mothers of control children. CONCLUSION: Though there are several limitation to this study, this study found high incidence rate in children with type I diabetes, and replicate prior findings supporting the effect of type I diabetes on the maternal psychologic state and family functioning. Larger size group is necessary to confirm our findings.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Child* ; Daegu ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Incidence ; MMPI ; Mothers ; Parents

It is reported the fact that there is high incidence of conversion hysteria in Korea compared with other country. Many authors has stressed the importence of the possibity of hysteria when the patient complained of visual disturbance, visual field change and ocular discomfortness without any organic change of the eye. Author presented a case of conversion hysteria, 13years old male with chief complain of sudden severe visual disturbance, concentric constriction of the periperal visual field change and pseudomyopIa. He had treated at other eye clinics with the diagnosis of pseudomyopia or optic neuritis without improvement of ocular abnormalities over a year. Every efforts such as corrective glasses, systemic administration of steroids were failed. Finally author consulted this patient with the impression of conversion hysteria to the psychiatry department. All of ocular abnormalities were completly recorvered after treatment at the psychiatry department.
Constriction ; Conversion Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Hysteria ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Optic Neuritis ; Steroids ; Visual Fields

To investigate personality characteristic of dry eye patient, an investigation on objective personality characteristics of 41 dry eye syndrome patients was performed with MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). Of 41 patients tested, 14 (34.1%)patients had at least one MMPI clinical scale more than 70 point of T-score, abnormality greater than 70 point of T-score occurred most frequently in the scales for ypochondriasis, psychasthe-nia, depression, hysteria, social introversion.In the group profile study, mean T-scores on each clinical scale were within normal range, and the highest scales in rank order were hypochondriasis, depression, psychasthenia. In the relation between results of TBUT and Schirmer test and T-scores of each clinical scale, correlation coefficient is insignificantly low (r0.4). Therefore we recommend comprehension of their emotional condition and an additional psycholgical management with classical treatment as dry eye syndrome management.
Comprehension ; Depression ; Dry Eye Syndromes* ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; MMPI ; Reference Values ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: The author tried to find out reasons why and how hysteria(and conversion disorder) patient numbers, which were so prevalent even a few decades ago, have decreased and the phenotype of symptoms have changed. METHODS: The number of visiting patients diagnosed with conversion disorder and their phenotype of symptoms were investigated through chart reviews in a psychiatric department of a University hospital for the last 12 years. Additionally, the characteristics of conversion disorder patients visiting the emergency room for last 2 years were also reviewed. Those results were compared with previous research results even if it seemed to be an indirect comparisons. The research relied on Briquet P. and Charcot JM's established factors of the vicissitudes of hysteria(and conversion disorder) which has been the framework for more than one hundred and fifty years since hysteria has been investigated. RESULTS: The author found decreased numbers and changes of the phenotype of the hysteria patients(and conversion disorder) over the last several decades. The decreased numbers and changes of the symptoms of those seemed to be partly due to several issues. These issues include the development of the diagnostic techniques to identify organic causes of hysteria, repeated changes to the symptom descriptions and diagnostic classification, changes of the brain nervous functions in response to negative emotions, and the influence of human evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The author proposed that the evolutionary brain discord reaction theory explains the causes of disappearance of and changes to symptoms of hysteria(conversion disorder). Most patients with hysteria(conversion disorder) have been diagnosed in the neurological department. For providing more appropriate treatment and minimizing physical disabilities to those patients, psychiatrists should have a major role in cooperating not only with primary care physicians but with neurologists. The term 'hysteria' which had been used long ago should be revived and used as a term to describe diseases such as somatic symptom disorder, functional neurological symptoms, somatization, and somatoform disorders, all of which represent almost the same vague concept as hysteria.
Brain* ; Classification ; Conversion Disorder ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Hysteria ; Phenotype ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Psychiatry ; Somatoform Disorders

A study on objective personality characteristics of 41 central serous chorioretinopathy patients was performed to investigate the etiologic relationship of psychological behaviors about the central serous chorioretinopathy. Fourty-one healthy subjects were used as a control group. Authors used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) which consisted of 4 validity scales and 10 clinical scales. Three neurotic scales of hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria in the atients group were significantly higher than in the normal control group even though the mean scores on each clinical scale were within normal ranges in both groups.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; MMPI ; Reference Values ; Weights and Measures

Convergence spasm is characterized by esotropia at near fixation in otherwise orthophoria or possibly exotropia at distance. A sustained convergence is usually associated with spasm of accomodation. This syndrome classically includes induced myopia, miosis of accomodation, esotropia and diplopia which increase at near fixation. A spasm of convergence of organic origin is very rare indeed but has been in central nervous system diseases of irritative type such as meningitis, encephalitis and post-encephalitic states. This condition may be seen in hysteria and traumatic neurosis. The case reported in the following was an 11 year old boy who presented with hysterical convergence spasm associated with an increase in accomodation, miosis and nystagmus at near fixation.
Central Nervous System Diseases ; Child ; Diplopia ; Encephalitis ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Hysteria ; Male ; Meningitis ; Miosis ; Myopia ; Spasm*

To investigate the relationship between psychological behavior and the development of central serous chorioretinopathy, we performed a study on stress and personality characteristics on 39 central serous chorioretinopathy patients and 38 healthy subjects as a control group. We used Life Change Inventory(MMPI) for personality characteristics. As a result, the mean stress scale in the patients group was significantly higher than in the normal control group(p<0.05) and the mean T-xcore of three neurotic scales such as hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria in the patients group were significantly higher than in the normal control group(p=0.029, 0.004, 0.012).
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Climacteric ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; MMPI ; Weights and Measures