BACKGROUND: Few studies have attempted to compare the differences in the prevalence and impact factors of hysterical tendencies (HTs) in adolescents. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of adolescents' HTs across three eastern Chinese provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang). METHODS: A multicenter, school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in three provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang) in China in 2014. The sample included 10,131 middle-school students aged 13-18 years who were randomly selected using a multiphase, stratified, cluster sampling technique. A two-stage appraisal procedure was used to determine the adolescents' HTs. We also designed a multicenter, school-based, case control (1329 cases with 2661 control individuals) study to collect data on the common factors affecting this population using a common protocol and questionnaire. RESULTS: An overall positive rate of HTs among adolescents across the three eastern Chinese provinces studied was found at 13.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.5-13.8%), at 14.5% (95% CI 13.3-15.7%) for females, and at 12.2% (95% CI 11.1-13.4%) for males. Gender-stratified, multiple conditional regression analyses revealed that superstitious beliefs pertaining to life, somatotype, teacher-student satisfaction, and family achievement orientation were significantly linked to HTs only in males, while left-behind adolescents, emotional and social adaptation, teacher-student support, family cohesion, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - depression scores were significantly associated with female HTs only. The models indicated that of all the independent variables studied, family medical history was the strongest impact factor for both male HTs (adjusted matched odds ratio (amOR) = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.84-4.86) and female HTs (amOR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.59-4.98). CONCLUSIONS HTs are prevalent among adolescents in the three eastern Chinese provinces studied. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of HTs are significant in adolescents, and HTs seem to affect more females than males. Therefore, sex-specific intervention programs against HTs in adolescents should be considered to reduce HT prevalence in adolescents by modifying influential social, school, and family factors.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Histrionic Personality Disorder ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Students ; psychology

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hysteria ; epidemiology ; Schools

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Hoarseness ; therapy ; Humans ; Hysteria ; therapy ; Male

PURPOSE: The penile augmentation operation is becoming popular in Korea, but there is not enough data about psychologic aspects of Korean male's thoughts about their penile size. We investigated the flaccid and stretched penile sizes of young Korean males and their penile size complex or pride. We performed Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test. This study may be used for better patient consultation in penile augumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After explanation and agreement to the purpose and methods of this study, 123 Korean male in early 20's who visit our institution were studied. We measured their pre-pubic bone fat pad depth, flaccid penile length, flaccid mid-shaft circumferences and stretched length under warm and comfortable private environment. Because the stretched penile length closely correlated with the erect length, we did not measure the erect length. Then they were asked to answer questions of MMPI and other questions including, 'how do you think about your penile size?'. We used the student t-test to analyze our data statistically. RESULTS: In 123 subjects, mean flaccid length, flaccid circumference, stretched length and fat pad depth were 6.9 0.8cm, 8.5+/-1.1cm, 9.6+/-0.8cm and 1.1+/-0.4cm respectively (Table 1). In 123 subjects, the distribution of the answer about penile size was 1 (0.8%) 'very small', 29 (23.6%) 'small', 86 (69.9%) 'normal', 6 (4.9%) 'large', and 1 (0.8%) 'very large'. Compared to the subjects who thought their penis was normal, the subjects who thought their penile size was small, showed high hypochondriasis and psychasthenia scale and the subjects who thought their penile size was large, showed high hysteria scale in MMPI test. Subjects who underestimated their penile size, showed high depression, psychasthenia scale in MMPI test CONCLUSIONS: In consultation of the patient who want penile augmentation, urologist should consider psychologic tendency of the patients about their penile size.
Adipose Tissue ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Korea* ; Male ; MMPI ; Penis ; Psychology ; Self Concept*

It is reported the fact that there is high incidence of conversion hysteria in Korea compared with other country. Many authors has stressed the importence of the possibity of hysteria when the patient complained of visual disturbance, visual field change and ocular discomfortness without any organic change of the eye. Author presented a case of conversion hysteria, 13years old male with chief complain of sudden severe visual disturbance, concentric constriction of the periperal visual field change and pseudomyopIa. He had treated at other eye clinics with the diagnosis of pseudomyopia or optic neuritis without improvement of ocular abnormalities over a year. Every efforts such as corrective glasses, systemic administration of steroids were failed. Finally author consulted this patient with the impression of conversion hysteria to the psychiatry department. All of ocular abnormalities were completly recorvered after treatment at the psychiatry department.
Constriction ; Conversion Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Hysteria ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Optic Neuritis ; Steroids ; Visual Fields

OBJECTIVES: The author tried to find out reasons why and how hysteria(and conversion disorder) patient numbers, which were so prevalent even a few decades ago, have decreased and the phenotype of symptoms have changed. METHODS: The number of visiting patients diagnosed with conversion disorder and their phenotype of symptoms were investigated through chart reviews in a psychiatric department of a University hospital for the last 12 years. Additionally, the characteristics of conversion disorder patients visiting the emergency room for last 2 years were also reviewed. Those results were compared with previous research results even if it seemed to be an indirect comparisons. The research relied on Briquet P. and Charcot JM's established factors of the vicissitudes of hysteria(and conversion disorder) which has been the framework for more than one hundred and fifty years since hysteria has been investigated. RESULTS: The author found decreased numbers and changes of the phenotype of the hysteria patients(and conversion disorder) over the last several decades. The decreased numbers and changes of the symptoms of those seemed to be partly due to several issues. These issues include the development of the diagnostic techniques to identify organic causes of hysteria, repeated changes to the symptom descriptions and diagnostic classification, changes of the brain nervous functions in response to negative emotions, and the influence of human evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The author proposed that the evolutionary brain discord reaction theory explains the causes of disappearance of and changes to symptoms of hysteria(conversion disorder). Most patients with hysteria(conversion disorder) have been diagnosed in the neurological department. For providing more appropriate treatment and minimizing physical disabilities to those patients, psychiatrists should have a major role in cooperating not only with primary care physicians but with neurologists. The term 'hysteria' which had been used long ago should be revived and used as a term to describe diseases such as somatic symptom disorder, functional neurological symptoms, somatization, and somatoform disorders, all of which represent almost the same vague concept as hysteria.
Brain* ; Classification ; Conversion Disorder ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Hysteria ; Phenotype ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Psychiatry ; Somatoform Disorders

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to see an incidence of depression, and to see the characteristics of demographic variables, maternal psychologic state and family environments in adolescent children with type I DM who was in depressive mood. METHODS: Among children with type I DM who participated in a diabetes summer camp which was held in Daegu between August 6th and 10th, 2004, authors sent questainnaires which included CDI/ BDI for children, MMPI and SCL-90 for patients' mothers, and FES which mothers were asked to respond to the 40 patients' house after gaining parents and patients' permission by telephoning. Twenty-three out of 40 patients completed these questainnaires. Study patients consisted of 10 boys and 13 girls. Their mean age was 13.3 years. RESULTS: There were significant differences in maternal MMPI and SCL-90 between depressive and non-depressive group. Among the maternal MMPI, the t-scores of hypochondriasis and hysteria in depressive group were higher than those of non- depressive group. And among the dimension of SCL-90, t-score of depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety and psychoticism in depressive group were higher than those of non-depressive group (P<0.05). These findings were concordant with prior findings that the mothers of diabeteic childen were more depressed and anxious than the mothers of control children. CONCLUSION: Though there are several limitation to this study, this study found high incidence rate in children with type I diabetes, and replicate prior findings supporting the effect of type I diabetes on the maternal psychologic state and family functioning. Larger size group is necessary to confirm our findings.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Child* ; Daegu ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Incidence ; MMPI ; Mothers ; Parents

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the personality characteristics in parricide offenders, by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test, which is commonly used in clinical medicine. METHODS: A total of 73 parricide offenders with schizophrenia who were admitted to National Forensic Hospital in Gongju city between September 2014 and February 2015, and 104 comparison schizophrenia patients who had been admitted to Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan city the same hospital, completed the Korean version of the MMPI. RESULTS: The parricide offender group showed significantly higher on L, F, Hs, Hy and Pd than the comparison group. The result of the regression analysis indicated that Pd and Si significantly increased the odd ratio of the sexual offender group by 2.77 times and 0.32 times, respectively (p=0.029 and p=0.023). The offenders of parricide may have developed the following characteristics: hypochondriasis, hysteria and psychopathic deviate. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the psychopatholgy in the offenders of parricide might be different, compared to the control group.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Clinical Medicine ; Criminals* ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Korea* ; Minnesota* ; MMPI* ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia*

To investigate the relationship between psychological behavior and the development of central serous chorioretinopathy, we performed a study on stress and personality characteristics on 39 central serous chorioretinopathy patients and 38 healthy subjects as a control group. We used Life Change Inventory(MMPI) for personality characteristics. As a result, the mean stress scale in the patients group was significantly higher than in the normal control group(p<0.05) and the mean T-xcore of three neurotic scales such as hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria in the patients group were significantly higher than in the normal control group(p=0.029, 0.004, 0.012).
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Climacteric ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; MMPI ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain are representative disease entities of chronic facial pain. Most patients of these disaeses could be accompanied with psychological, emotional problems as their pain become chronic. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different types of chronic facial pain lead to alteration in personality disorder or they are associated with particular characteristics of personality disorders using Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). METHODS: 40 patients of trigeminal neuralgia and 21 patients of atypical facial pain who had responded MMPI were enrolled in this study. Two groups were compared for age, sex, pain intensity (Visual analogue scale, VAS), duration of pain, MMPI scores and psychological impression from MMPI results. RESULTS: Pain intensity and chronicity were more severe and longer in trigeminal neuralgia group than atypical facial pain. However, some MMPI profiles such as hypochondriasis and hysteria were significantly elevated in atypical facial pain. Pain intensity and duration did not correlate with MMPI profiles in each group. Meaningful psychological impression from MMPI results which were interpreted by one psychologist were shown in 13 patients of trigeminal neuralgia (32.5%) and 14 patients of atypical facial pain (66.7%). Especially, psychosomatic disorder was most frequently found in atypical facial pain patients (47.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Atypical facial pain have more psychologic and emotional problems than trigeminal neuralgia, regardless of pain intensity and chronicity. Therefore, psychologic evaluation and treatment should be considered in atypical facial pain.
Chronic Pain ; Facial Pain* ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Minnesota* ; MMPI* ; Personality Disorders ; Psychology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*