A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Histoplasma farciminosum in 2907 carthorses using clinical and microbiological examinations at three towns (Debre Zeit, Mojo and Nazareth), Central Ethiopia, between December 1999 and January 2001. An overall prevalence of 26.2% (762/2907) was recorded; the highest prevalence (39.1%) being recorded at Mojo whereas the lowest (21.1%) was recorded at Nazareth. The difference in prevalence among the three towns was highly significant (chi2 = 76.92, P<0.0001). Carthorses found at Mojo [OR =2.4, CI=(1.9-3.0), P<0.0001] and Debre Zeit [OR=1.9, CI=(1.5-2.3), P<0.0001] were at higher risk of infection than those found at Nazareth. The mycelial and yeast forms of the Histoplasma capsulatum variety farciminosum were isolated on the Sabouraud's dextrose agar. The results of the present study showed the rampant occurrence of histoplasmosis farciminosi at the three towns and indicates the need for further nationwide investigation into the disease to design sound control strategy.
Animals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Histoplasma/classification/isolation&purification ; Histoplasmosis/*epidemiology/microbiology/pathology/veterinary ; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/*microbiology/pathology ; Horses/*microbiology ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk

Histoplasmosis is a very rare disease in Korea. Clinical manifestations are very similar to those of tuberculosis. This is the first case report of combined disseminated histoplasmosis and tuberculosis in a patient with HIV infection in Korea. A 42-year-old Korean with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed with tuberculosis. He had lived in Guatemala for the past five years. Upon diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis with HIV infection, he was treated with anti-tuberculosis medications and anti-retroviral agents. Fever, weakness, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia were persistent despite treatment. The patient's history of living in Guatemala caused us to seek opportunistic infectious organisms other than tuberculosis. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed and the result revealed numerous intracellular organisms consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum; therefore, the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was made.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/pathology ; Adult ; Bone Marrow/microbiology/pathology ; HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy ; Histoplasma/isolation & purification ; Histoplasmosis/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Thorax/microbiology/pathology/radionuclide imaging ; Tuberculosis/complications/*diagnosis

Korea is not known as an endemic area for Histoplasma. However, we experienced a case of histoplasmosis in a person who had never been abroad. A 65-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of multiple lung nodules. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed multiple ill-defined consolidations and cavitations in all lobes of both lungs. The patient underwent a CT-guided lung biopsy, and a histopathology study showed findings compatible with histoplasmosis. Based on biopsy results and clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis. The patient recovered completely following itraconazole treatment. This is the first case report of pulmonary histoplasmosis unconnected with either HIV infection or endemicity in Korea.
Aged ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Female ; Histoplasma/*isolation & purification ; Histoplasmosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; Itraconazole/therapeutic use ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Republic of Korea ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Korea is not known as an endemic area for Histoplasma. However, we experienced a case of histoplasmosis in a person who had never been abroad. A 65-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of multiple lung nodules. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed multiple ill-defined consolidations and cavitations in all lobes of both lungs. The patient underwent a CT-guided lung biopsy, and a histopathology study showed findings compatible with histoplasmosis. Based on biopsy results and clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis. The patient recovered completely following itraconazole treatment. This is the first case report of pulmonary histoplasmosis unconnected with either HIV infection or endemicity in Korea.
Aged ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Female ; Histoplasma/*isolation & purification ; Histoplasmosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; Itraconazole/therapeutic use ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Republic of Korea ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiologic features of disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) in Hubei province.

METHODSBone marrow smears of 12 patients diagnosed as Kala-azer in Hubei province including 4 patients in Jingsan, 2 patients in Shashi and each 1 in Yichang, Jinmen, Zhongxiang, Luotian, Xianning and Guanghua respectively were re-examed under microscope. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears of several patients were detected. After inoculated the bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver and spleen tissue of patients in MLI, the single colony was trans-inoculated in BHIB, SDA and CMA and incubated at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Bone marrow, peripheral blood and bacterial fluid of yeast-phase Histoplasma capsulatum (H.cap) were injected into the abdominal cavity of Kunming mice and nude mice. When symptoms and signs developed, the spleen tissue was separated, then observed under microscope and cultured. Mycelium-phase and Yeast-phase H.cap were inoculated in urase and gelatin medium, then incubated at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Histoplasmin was injected subcutaneously into patients, and then followed for 48 - 72 hours. Amphotericin B was selected to treat the PDH patients.

RESULTSMoriform cell cluster and sausage-shaped cell were not observed in mononuclear-macrophages in the bone marrow smears from 12 patients. Leishman-Donovan body was found only in one patient. There wasn't kinetoplast in the cellular plasm of spores in 11 patients and no transeptae was found. The reaction of H.cap to urease was positive and H.cap did not liquefy the gelatin. It appeared to be mycelium-phase at 25 degrees C but no penicillus and catenulate conidia was found. The characteristic denticle macroconidia was observed but produced red coloring matter. It also appeared to be yeast-phase at 35 degrees C. Yeast-phase spores were observed under microscope. No sausage-shaped spore and transeptae were identified. H.cap could be acquired in the spleen tissue in Kunming mice and nude mice. Bacterium forms, characteristics under microscope and biochemical reaction of mycelium-phase and yeast-phase H.cap were different from some other kinds of dimorphic fungi such as Penicillium marneffei and Histoplasm duboisii etc.

CONCLUSIONThere were scattered epidemics of PDH in Hubei province. The detection rate of PDH was higher in the southeast area then in the northwest area. The golden standards of clinic diagnosis were mycological culture and inoculation to animals. Amphotericin B was necommended as the first choice for treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amphotericin B ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Histoplasma ; isolation & purification ; Histoplasmin ; immunology ; Histoplasmosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Skin Tests

Isolated laryngeal histoplasmosis is a very rare entity. It has variable clinical presentations that might mimic both benign and malignant lesions, and is usually associated with pulmonary and other disseminated forms of histoplasmosis. Herein, we report a case of primary laryngeal histoplasmosis without the involvement of other systems in a 70-year-old Chinese man, who previously worked as a miner. He presented with a history of hoarseness for two months, with no other associated symptoms. Direct laryngoscopy revealed irregularity of the posterior one-third of both vocal folds. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of Histoplasma capsulatumon periodic acidSchiff and Grocott's methenamine silver staining. The lesion resolved after one month of oral itraconazole treatment. However, the patient had to complete six months of antifungal treatment to prevent recurrence.
Aged ; Amphotericin B ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Histoplasma ; isolation & purification ; Histoplasmosis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; microbiology ; pathology ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects