The influence of exercise on the endogenous levels of both β-endorphin (BE) and corticosteroid (CS) in the hypothalamus and plasma was examined in rats. F344 male rats, five weeks of age, were divided into three groups: involuntary exercised (IE), non-exercised (NE) and control (C) groups. Rats in the IE group were exercised every day for one hour at the speed of 20 m mm n for 7 to 28 days. After training, the hypothalamus and plasma were obtained from rats. BE levels in water soluble extracts of hypothalamus were examined by rat BE ELISA test kits; and CS contents in plasma was examined by RIA. The amount of BE in the hypothalamus obtained from rats in the IE group was much higher than that in the NE and C groups. Although there was no significant difference between rats exercised for 7, 14, and 21 days, BE levels in the hypothalamus from rats exercised for 28 days was significantly higher than for 7 days. The amount of BE in the hypothalamus of NE rats was nearly identical to that of C rats. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in plasma CS levels. These results may suggest that exercise, especially running, causes on increase in BE levels in the hypothalamus.

The influence of exercise on the endogenous levels of both β-endorphin (BE) and corticosteroid (CS) in the hypothalamus and plasma was examined in rats. F344 male rats, five weeks of age, were divided into three groups: involuntary exercised (IE), non-exercised (NE) and control (C) groups. Rats in the IE group were exercised every day for one hour at the speed of 20 m mm n for 7 to 28 days. After training, the hypothalamus and plasma were obtained from rats. BE levels in water soluble extracts of hypothalamus were examined by rat BE ELISA test kits; and CS contents in plasma was examined by RIA. The amount of BE in the hypothalamus obtained from rats in the IE group was much higher than that in the NE and C groups. Although there was no significant difference between rats exercised for 7, 14, and 21 days, BE levels in the hypothalamus from rats exercised for 28 days was significantly higher than for 7 days. The amount of BE in the hypothalamus of NE rats was nearly identical to that of C rats. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in plasma CS levels. These results may suggest that exercise, especially running, causes on increase in BE levels in the hypothalamus.

A 72-year-old man who suddenly felt an excessive thirst and developed pollakisuria and high fever on Sept. 29, 2001. A general practitioner initially diagnosed him as having urinary tract infection on the same day. Vomiting and unconscionsnes occurred on Oct. 3. He was brought to our hospital by ambulance. Laboratory data on admission showed plasma glucose of 1110 mg/dl, blood pH of 7.167 and HCO3- of 7.6mmol/L, and positive urinary ketone bodies, compatible with diabetic ketoacidosis. Serum amylase was elevated, but he had no symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Insulin therapy was started immediately and hyperglyvemia was improved. He has never had diabetes mellitus and his HbA1c was normal (5.3%). His urinary C-peptide was very low (2.4 μg/day) and diabetes-related autoantibodies including anti-GAD, IA-2 antibodies and ICA were negative. So his case was diagnosed as fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. Fulminant type 1 diabetes, which has been brought to light by Dr Imagawa’s group, is characterized by near-nomal HbA1c despite diabetic ketoacidosis, rapid loss of insulin secretion and absence of diabetes-related autoantibodies.Great care is needed to recognize the patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes among the elderly with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Here, we reported the case of an aged man who developed aypical fulminant type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent ; Diabetes Mellitus ; symptoms <1> ; Type 1 ; Urinary tract infection

Dynamic knee valgus is considered a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study identified how knee in distance (KID) and hip out distance (HOD) affect one’s lateral trunk lean (LTL). The results were also tested for reliability. Fifteen female basketball players (30 legs) from a university participated in this study. The participants performed single-leg squats by bending the knee of the supporting leg to 60°. The trials were recorded using a video camera. The KID, HOD, and LTL were measured with two-dimensional images using the Dartfish software, which measured the maximal knee valgus. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation between dynamic knee valgus (KID and HOD) and LTL. Additionally, the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to measure the reliability of the KID, HOD, and LTL data sets. The statistical significance was established at a level of p<0.05. Results showed that the KID and LTL had a significantly negative correlation, measured at r=-0.227, p<0.05. The ICC (2.1) values were: 0.83 for HOD, 0.99 for KID, and 0.96 for LTL; while the ICC (1.2) values were: 0.86 for HOD, 0.83 for KID, and 0.85 for LTL. The two-dimensional analysis technique revealed that the values were highly reliable. In sum, dynamic knee valgus had a negative correlation with LTL during single-leg squats. Therefore, it was suggested that the factors of dynamic knee valgus might be evaluated using LTL on two-dimensional screening test.