No abstract available.
Communicable Diseases* ; Japan*

To determine the background of aged people who need bathing assistance, we analyzed data of the Survey on Demand for Health and Welfare Services of Japan as of 1997. The survey covered 21, 723 persons aged 65 years or older, and 1, 193 caregivers who provide care to persons 65 years or older throughout Japan. The main parameters were aged people's sex, age, marital status, health condition, degree of bed rest, and needs of care in daily life; relation between caregivers and aged people; life with care giver; job; family composition; use of home care services; demand for home care services; caregivers' sex, age, health condition, and employment status; and demand for home care services. Subjects were divided into three groups, those who need bathing assistance, those who do not need bathing assistance, and those who do not need care in daily life, and the rate was shown for each item. The results indicated that the rate of those who need bathing assistance was higher among (1) aged people who were older, have poor health, and are in bed alweys or almost alweys, (2) aged people who needed care in daily life, used home care service, and required home care service, and (3) aged people whose caregivers required home care services.
Aged people who need bathing assistance are subject to frequent bathing accidents, so we need to pay attention to safe bathing service.

Dynamic X-ray (DXR) is a functional imaging technique that uses sequential images obtained by a flat-panel detector (FPD).This article aims to describe the mechanism of DXR and the analysis methods used as well as review the clinical evidence for its use. DXR analyzes dynamic changes on the basis of X-ray translucency and can be used for analysis of diaphragmatic kinetics, ventilation, and lung perfusion. It offers many advantages such as a high temporal resolution and flexibility in body positioning. Many clinical studies have reported the feasibility of DXR and its characteristic findings in pulmonary diseases. DXR may serve as an alternative to pulmonary function tests in patients requiring contact inhibition, including patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 or other infectious diseases. Thus, DXR has a great potential to play an important role in the clinical setting. Further investigations are needed to utilize DXR more effectively and to establish it as a valuable diagnostic tool.

Dynamic X-ray (DXR) is a functional imaging technique that uses sequential images obtained by a flat-panel detector (FPD).This article aims to describe the mechanism of DXR and the analysis methods used as well as review the clinical evidence for its use. DXR analyzes dynamic changes on the basis of X-ray translucency and can be used for analysis of diaphragmatic kinetics, ventilation, and lung perfusion. It offers many advantages such as a high temporal resolution and flexibility in body positioning. Many clinical studies have reported the feasibility of DXR and its characteristic findings in pulmonary diseases. DXR may serve as an alternative to pulmonary function tests in patients requiring contact inhibition, including patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 or other infectious diseases. Thus, DXR has a great potential to play an important role in the clinical setting. Further investigations are needed to utilize DXR more effectively and to establish it as a valuable diagnostic tool.