Paraquat (1, 1'-dimethy1-4, 4'-dipyridylium dichloride) was administered to Wister rats orally at100mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 25mg/kg.
Death generally occured in1-5days, many animals of the group administered at 100mg/kg died within 24 hours.
Loss of body weight began on the second day after paraquat ingestion.
The lung became the organ of highest concentration of paraquat, that reached maximum level with in 2 hours and was eliminated approximately 62-82% 24 hours later.
Biochemical studies gave high levels of serum LDH and GOT, but no abnormalities were detected hematologically.
Histopathological examinations has shown that the lung was the target organ of the paraquat poisoning. At the early stage, there were atelectasis, pulmonary edema and disintegration of the alveolar epithelium. These were followed by an infiltration of fibroblasts and glandular proliferation of the terminal bronchiolar epithelium. Parenchymal damages of the heart, liver and kidney were most dominant in 24 hours after paraquat ingestion, from which animals recovered subsequently.

Malignant pericardial mesothelioma was successfully resected in a 70-year-old man, who had been admitted complaining of palpitation. Chest X-ray films showed slight cardiac enlargement. A moderate amount of pericardial effusion was noted by echocardiography. Chest X-ray commputed tomography and MRI revealed a localized pericardial tumor. Total excision of the tumor was accomplished through a left thoracotomy approach because the tumor showed neither invasion to the myocardium nor dissemination to the pericardium. The patient was discharged following an uneventful postoperative course. No sign of recurrence has been encountered for nine months after surgery. However careful observation is needed.

Objectives : A pharmacotherapeutic system for safe and proper use of warfarin was developed through physician-pharmacist cooperative practice ; its effects on patient adherence to therapeutic regimens and the therapeutic benefit of warfarin were assessed.
Methods : Subjects were 12 outpatients or home-care patients receiving warfarin. Patients' level of understanding of warfarin therapy and time in therapeutic range (TTR) were used as indices of adherence and therapeutic benefit, respectively. Before the physician examination, patients were interviewed by pharmacists using point-of-care testing with the CoaguChek ^®XS to check their prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR). Pharmacists reported status of warfarin administration, any adverse effects, and medication management status to each patient's physician using the medication record or inter-institute information exchange sheet. Patient adherence was assessed before and after the pre-examination interview and changes in TTR were evaluated.
Results : Levels of understanding of warfarin therapy were significantly higher after pharmacists provided medication counseling (immediately before 4.8±1.9 vs 24 weeks after 6.8±2.4 ; P=0.0079, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). TTR significantly improved at 24 weeks after the interview (pre-interview 20.9±29.8% vs post-interview 60.5±30.5%, respectively ; P=0.0024, Wilcoxon signed-rank test).
Conclusion : The results suggest that patients'adherence to warfarin regimens and the therapeutic benefit of warfarin is improved by pharmacists'obtaining information on PT-INR before patients'medical examinations, as well as by utilizing this information to establish a cooperative pharmacotherapeutic system for good TTR management, as supported by a common protocol across pharmacies and medical institutions.

PURPOSE: Intracranial administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to elicit a rapid innate immune response, activate glial cells in the brain, and induce depression-like behavior. However, no study has focused on the changes in glial cells induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS in vivo.METHODS: Ten adult male Fischer F344 rats underwent [¹¹C]PK11195 PET before and 2 days after intraperitoneal injection of LPS to evaluate the changes in glial cells. The difference in standardized uptake values (SUV) of [¹¹C]PK11195 between before and after injection was determined.RESULTS: There was a cluster of brain regions that showed significant reductions in SUV. This cluster included the bilateral striata and bilateral frontal regions, especially the somatosensory areas.CONCLUSIONS: Changes in activity of glial cells induced by the intraperitoneal injection of LPS were detected in vivo by [¹¹C]PK11195 PET. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS is known to induce depression, and further studies with [¹¹C]PK11195 PET would clarify the relationships between neuroinflammation and depression.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Depression ; Electrons ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Neuroglia ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344

PURPOSE: Intracranial administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to elicit a rapid innate immune response, activate glial cells in the brain, and induce depression-like behavior. However, no study has focused on the changes in glial cells induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS in vivo. METHODS: Ten adult male Fischer F344 rats underwent [¹¹C]PK11195 PET before and 2 days after intraperitoneal injection of LPS to evaluate the changes in glial cells. The difference in standardized uptake values (SUV) of [¹¹C]PK11195 between before and after injection was determined. RESULTS: There was a cluster of brain regions that showed significant reductions in SUV. This cluster included the bilateral striata and bilateral frontal regions, especially the somatosensory areas. CONCLUSIONS Changes in activity of glial cells induced by the intraperitoneal injection of LPS were detected in vivo by [¹¹C]PK11195 PET. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS is known to induce depression, and further studies with [¹¹C]PK11195 PET would clarify the relationships between neuroinflammation and depression.

The purpose of this study is to address what undergraduate students of professional healthcare learned in interprofessional education (IPE), and to explore a way to develop interprofessional work (IPW) competencies effectively in IPE. A qualitative analysis was conducted on the portfolios of 9 medical, 8 dental, 16 pharmaceutical, and 16 nursing and rehabilitation students. 6 elements were identified in the undergraduate IPE; 【Patient/Family-Centered care】, 【Value/Ethics for IPW】, 【Communication Necessary for IPW】, 【Roles/Responsibilities as Healthcare Professionals】, 【Understanding of their own profession】, 【Team/Team work】. In order to acquire these capabilities, undergraduate education programs based on IPE are required.

The purpose of this study is to address what undergraduate students of professional healthcare learned in interprofessional education (IPE), and to explore a way to develop interprofessional work (IPW) competencies effectively in IPE. A qualitative analysis was conducted on the portfolios of 9 medical, 8 dental, 16 pharmaceutical, and 16 nursing and rehabilitation students. 6 elements were identified in the undergraduate IPE; 【Patient/Family-Centered care】, 【Value/Ethics for IPW】, 【Communication Necessary for IPW】, 【Roles/Responsibilities as Healthcare Professionals】, 【Understanding of their own profession】, 【Team/Team work】. In order to acquire these capabilities, undergraduate education programs based on IPE are required.