Developmental disorders are defined in the Japanese Support Act for Developmental Disorders by ICD-10 (WHO). Representative disorders are Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disorders. The incidence of these disorders has increased from 30% (1993) to 55% (2009) in child & adolescent psychiatric hospitals. These disorders are estimated to originate in brain dysfunction but details are as yet obscure. We attempt to identify these disorders as early as possible, but many parents are reluctant for their children to be diagnosed during their early childhood years. So we must take care to inform parents about these disorders. Developmental disorders are much more popular than other disorders, such as visual disorders, auditory disorders and physical disorders. These disorders are borderless, indistinguishable, and changeable and they are regulated by hereditary background. They also concern many social problems, such as school refusal, social withdraw, bullying and child abuse. Developmental disorders are also correlative to public health, education, welfare, working and crime. About 60 Support Centers for Developmental Disorders have been founded. Special education support is also provided for children with developmental disorders. In employment bureaus, special working courses are set up for them. Regarding the justice system, legal staff must take considerations to ensure fair trials for individuals with developmental disorders. Finally, medical staff must cooperate with other occupational members and endeavor to provide even greater support for these individuals.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of alendronate and raloxifene for preventing bone loss in patients with hip fracture by monitoring bone mineral densities (BMDs) and biochemical markers during the 9-month period after fracture. Patients and Methods: Eighty-two female hip fracture patients from 50 to 99 years old (mean ± SD: 81.6 ± 9.5) were randomly divided into two groups; there were 46 patients in the alendronate-treated group (group ALN) and 36 patients in the raloxifene-treated group (group RLX). Drugs were administered to patients six weeks after their operations. Lumbar spine BMD and neck, trochanter, Ward's and total BMDs of the contralateral proximal femur, serum intact osteocalcin (intact OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) were measured just before the start of drug administration and at 9 months thereafter. Results: Twenty-two out of 46 patients in group ALN and 23 out of 36 patients in group RLX completed the study. The most common reason for dropping out was the patient's failure to visit the outpatient clinic. Trochanter BMD in group ALN tended to increase by 8.4% compared with the baseline, and total hip BMD in group RLX showed a significant increase (5.7%), although neck BMD in both groups decreased during the 9 months of treatment (–8.7% for group ALN and –4.2% for group RLX compared with the baseline). Spine BMD did not change significantly in eithr group. Serum BAP and urinary NTX decreased significantly in both groups. Serum intact OC did not change significantly. Conclusions: Both alendronate and raloxifene have a favorable effect on trochanter and total BMDs of the contralateral proximal femur in the short period after hip fracture. However, both drugs could not prevent bone loss in the femoral neck during the 9 months of treatment.