Objective: To investigate an impact of the new coronavirus infection on cancer peer support in hospitals. Methods: A 14-item, self-administered, unannounced questionnaire was administered at the consultation and support centers of Designated Cancer Care Hospitals from February 16, 2023, to March 17, 2023. Results: Of the 451 hospitals, 220 responded (48% response rate). In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, 89% of hospitals suspended patients support and 36% continued to do so. The following characteristics of the pandemic’s impact were identified: (1) stagnation of peer support, (2) introduction of online support, and (3) the need to develop hybrid support activities and acquire online support response skills. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the operational structure of peer support was already facing challenges. Conclusion: This study suggests the need to establish an operational system for in-hospital peer support, including the use of the new online system introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic.