1.Awareness Survey to Create a Seminar Program Effective for Pharmacist Practice of Physical Assessments
Hiroko Iida ; Shinichiro Ando ; Junji Sakamoto ; Miki Shigemitsu ; Yuko Kobuke ; Masao Ohmitsu ; Eiji Yukawa ; Taketo Yoshitake
Japanese Journal of Social Pharmacy 2015;34(2):132-140
Seminars on physical assessment (PA) are being held at a wide variety of universities and medical institutions. However, the current situation shows that the number of pharmacists practicing PA at medical sites is still very small. We therefore conducted a questionnaire survey, targeting all 70 individuals who took part in a PA seminar carried out in 2013 at Daiichi University of Pharmacy, to investigate the reasons for pharmacists being unable to practice PA at present, and then we studied the types of seminars that would be needed for them to practice PA in the future. The results showed that 91% of pharmacists, currently working in a pharmacy, who took part in the seminar and 100% of hospital pharmacists hoped to practice PA, if possible, although they had no immediate plans for implementing PA. Of those who participated in the current seminar, only 10% felt that they could practice PA immediately after taking the seminar just once, although the degrees of their understanding of the seminar content and mastering of the techniques were high. Our findings suggested additional training and studies to be necessary in order for the participating pharmacists to practice PA.
2.Liquid-containing Refluxes and Acid Refluxes May Be Less Frequent in the Japanese Population Than in Other Populations: Normal Values of 24-hour Esophageal Impedance and pH Monitoring.
Osamu KAWAMURA ; Yukie KOHATA ; Noriyuki KAWAMI ; Hiroshi IIDA ; Akiyo KAWADA ; Hiroko HOSAKA ; Yasuyuki SHIMOYAMA ; Shiko KURIBAYASHI ; Yasuhiro FUJIWARA ; Katsuhiko IWAKIRI ; Masahiko INAMORI ; Motoyasu KUSANO ; Micho HONGO
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2016;22(4):620-629
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Twenty-four-hour esophageal impedance and pH monitoring allows detection of all types of reflux episodes and is considered the best technique for identifying gastroesophageal refluxes. However, normative data for the Japanese population are lacking. This multicenter study aimed to establish the normal range of 24-hour esophageal impedance and pH data both in the distal and the proximal esophagus in Japanese subjects. METHODS: Forty-two healthy volunteers (25 men and 17 women) with a mean ± standard deviation age of 33.3 ± 12.4 years (range: 22–72 years) underwent a combined 24-hour esophageal impedance and pH monitoring. According to the physical and pH properties, distal or proximal esophageal reflux events were categorized. RESULTS: Median 45 reflux events occurred in 24 hours, and the 95th percentile was 85 events. Unlike previous reports, liquid-containing reflux events are median 25/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 62/24 hours. Acidic reflux events were median 11/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 39/24 hours. Non-acidic gas reflux events were median 15/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 39/24 hours. Proximal reflux events accounted for 80% of the total reflux events and were mainly non-acidic gas refluxes. About 19% of liquid and mixed refluxes reached the proximal esophagus. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous studies, liquid-containing and acidic reflux events may be less frequent in the Japanese population. Non-acidic gas reflux events may be frequent and a cause of frequent proximal reflux events. This study provides important normative data for 24-hour impedance and pH monitoring in both the distal and the proximal esophagus in the Japanese population.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
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Electric Impedance*
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Esophagus
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Gastroesophageal Reflux
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Healthy Volunteers
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Humans
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Hydrogen-Ion Concentration*
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Male
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Reference Values*