Yokukansan (YKS), one of the traditional Japanese “Kampo” medicines, is a mixture of extract powders from seven kinds of medicinal herbs (Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma, Hoelen, Cnidii Rhizoma, Uncariae Uncis Cum Ramulus, Angelicae Radix, Bupleuri Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix). YKS has been administered to fragile habitus patients who show symptoms such as emotional irritability, neurosis and insomnia, and to infants who suffer from night crying and convulsions. In recent years, YKS has been reported to be effective against pain disorders such as headache and chronic pain, but the mechanism underlying these beneficial effects is still unclear. In this study, the effect of YKS on chronic inflammatory pain and stress caused by pain were investigated using rats with adjuvant arthritis.
Male Wistar rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw, and then pain thresholds and stress markers were measured. The thermal pain threshold measured with the plantar test significantly decreased, and the level of salivary chromogranin A (CgA), which is used as a mental stress marker, was significantly increased in this model. The administration of YKS controlled the activation of spinal microglia involved in the expression of chronic pain, and significantly reduced a decrease in the pain threshold. Moreover, an increase in the level of salivary CgA was significantly inhibited. The authors concluded that YKS has effects in reducing chronic inflammatory pain and the stress caused by pain.

The method of cardioplegic myocardial protection is often controversial for re-cardiotomy after a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A 69-year-old woman with a history of three previous surgeries consisting of closed mitral commissurotomy (CMC), dual valve replacement (DVR), and CABG underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) and CABG for perivalvular leakage (PVL). As a result, the bilateral coronary ostium and the bypass graft to the right coronary artery (RCA) were totally occluded. The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) graft to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was the only inflow to the left coronary artery system and the right coronary artery system developed collateral inflow. Cardioplegia was carried out by performing a temporary anastomosis graft on the saphenous vein graft (SVG) in the left anterior descending coronary artery and a new bypass graft in the RCA was used for the administration of cardioplegic solution with no complications. There are various strategies for cardioplegic myocardial protection. The best method should be selected depending on the patient characteristics and condition.

A 41-year-old woman liked farm chemical-free (pesticid-free) vegetables. She was admitted for severe upper abdominal pain. Biliary ascariasis was suspected upon abdominal ultrasonographic examination. ERC (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography) was performed and a linear filling defect was shown in the bile duct. We diagnosed her case as biliary ascariasis. And then, we removed a worm from the bile duct using stone extracer basket forceps. After this, she was given pyrantel pamoate.Abdominal ultrasonographic examination was helpful in diagnostic screening for biliary ascariasis. ERC and basket forceps were useful in removing the parasite.
Biliary ; Ascariasis ; success ; Manufactured aid ; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

Local anesthetics often are used in rotator cuff tears as therapeutic tools, although some cases have reported that they have detrimental effects. Neurotropin (NTP) is used widely in Japan as a treatment for various chronic pain conditions and is shown to have protective effects on cartilage and nerve cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of NTP against lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity. Methods: Tenocytes from rotator cuff tendons were incubated with lidocaine, NTP, lidocaine with NTP, and a control medium. Cell viability was evaluated using the WST-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected via annexin V staining using flow cytometry. The expression of BCL-2 and cytochrome c, which are involved in the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, was evaluated via Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results: In the cell viability assay, lidocaine decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and NTP did not affect cell viability. Moreover, NTP significantly inhibited the cytotoxic effect of lidocaine. The flow cytometry analysis showed that lidocaine significantly induced apoptosis in tenocytes, and NTP considerably inhibited this lidocaine-induced apoptosis. Western blotting experiments showed that lidocaine decreased the protein expression of BCL-2, and that NTP conserved the expression of BCL-2, even when used with lidocaine. Immunohistochemical staining for cytochrome c showed that 0.1% lidocaine increased cytochrome c-positive cells, and NTP suppressed lidocaine-induced cytochrome c expression. Conclusions: NTP suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of tenocytes by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Intra-articular/ bursal injection of NTP with lidocaine could protect tenocytes in rotator cuff tendons against lidocaine-induced apoptosis.

In some patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT), the axial view of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows subtle posterior decentering (PD) of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa. This is considered to result from a loss of centralization that is typically produced by rotator cuff function. There are few reports on PD in RCT despite the common occurrence of posterior subluxation in degenerative joint disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of PD in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent ARCR at our institute and were followed-up for at least 1 year. PD was identified as a 2-mm posterior shift of the humeral head relative to the glenoid fossa in the axial MRI view preoperatively. The tear size and fatty degeneration (FD, Goutallier classification) were also evaluated using preoperative MRI. Retears were evaluated through MRI at 1 year postoperatively. Results: We included 135 shoulders in this study. Ten instances of PD (including seven retears) were observed preoperatively. Fifteen retears (three and 12 retears in the small/medium and large/massive tear groups, respectively) were observed postoperatively. PD was significantly correlated with tear size, FD, and retear occurrence (p<0.01 each). The odds ratio for PD in retears was 34.1, which was greater than that for tear size ≥3 cm and FD grade ≥3. Conclusions: We concluded that large tear size and FD contribute to the occurrence of PD. Furthermore, PD could be a predictor of retear after ARCR.

A 50-year-old woman had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placed after surgery for pharyngeal cancer. After 21 months, the PEG tube was removed due to improvement of per-oral ingestion. She had taken prednisolone for 31 years for systemic lupus erythematosus. The post-PEG fistula did not close spontaneously. The cause of the fistula was slow wound healing and gastrostomy site inflammation due to long-term steroid therapy. We were able to close the fistula with an over-the-scope clipping (OTSC) system. This case suggests that OTSC is useful for closing persistent post-PEG fistulas in patients receiving long-term prednisolone therapy.
Eating ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Fistula* ; Gastrostomy* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; Prednisolone ; Steroids ; Wound Healing

Objective: To develop an effective and safe therapeutic strategy, we studied the effect of the clinical characteristics of patients with acute drug intoxication on the duration of hospitalization.
Subjects and Methods: The subjects were 89 patients hospitalized for acute drug intoxication. They were divided into two subgroups; the short hospitalization group (duration of hospitalization < 7 days) and the long hospitalization group (duration of hospitalization ≥ 7 days). We compared age, sex, vital signs, drugs, and therapy between the two groups.
Results: There were no significant differences in sex or severity of consciousness disturbance between the short- and long-hospitalization groups. Age in the latter group was higher than that in the former, and age was significantly and positively correlated with the duration of hospitalization. Prolongation of hospitalization in patients with Japan Coma Scale (JCS) I or II is associated with psychiatric disease, and in patients with JCSIII, with physical disease. We used direct hemoperfusion (DHP) to treat patients with severe acute drug intoxication. The duration of hospitalization in patients treated by DHP tended to be shorter than those not so treated.
Conclusions: The present results suggest that aging is associated with prolongation of hospitalization and the onset of physical disease among patients with acute drug intoxication. When elderly patients with acute drug intoxication are treated in a primary-care setting, the question of whether or not physical diseases are present as complications should be considered. The appropriate use of DHP for the treatment of patients with severe acute drug intoxication requires further study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Noninvasive objective monitoring is advantageous for optimizing treatment strategies in patients inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal calprotectin (FCP) is superior to traditional biomarkers in terms of assessing the activity in patients with IBD. However, there are the differences among several FCP assays in the dynamics of FCP. In this prospective multicenter trial, we investigated the usefulness of FCP measurements in adult Japanese patients with IBD by reliable enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody. METHODS: We assessed the relationship between FCP levels and disease or endoscopic activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n=64) or Crohn’s disease (CD, n=46) compared with healthy controls (HCs, n=64). RESULTS: FCP levels in UC patients strongly correlated with the Disease Activity Index (rs =0.676, P < 0.0001) and Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES; rs =0.677, P < 0.0001). FCP levels were significantly higher even in patients with inactive UC or CD compared with HCs (P=0.0068, P < 0.0001). The optimal cutoff value between MES 1 and 2 exhibited higher sensitivity (94.1%). FCP levels were significantly higher in active UC patients than in inactive patients (P < 0.001), except those with proctitis. The Crohn’s Disease Activity Index tended to correlate with the FCP level (rs =0.283, P=0.0565). CONCLUSIONS: Our testing method using a monoclonal antibody for FCP was well-validated and differentiated IBD patients from HCs. FCP may be a useful biomarker for objective assessment of disease activity in adult Japanese IBD patients, especially those with UC.
Adult* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Biomarkers ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Crohn Disease ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex* ; Methods ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Proctitis ; Prospective Studies*

Objective: Poor R wave progression in right precordial leads is a relatively common electrocardiogram (ECG) finding that indicates possible prior anterior myocardial infarction (MI); however, it is observed frequently in apparently normal individuals. In contrast, reversed R wave progression (RRWP) may be more specific to cardiac disorders; however, the significance of RRWP in daily clinical practice is unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the significance of RRWP in clinical practice.Materials and Methods: We analyzed consecutive ECGs obtained from 12,139 patients aged ≥20 years at Mito Kyodo General Hospital in Ibaraki between November 2009 and August 2012. Our setting is a secondary emergency hospital in the community, and the study participants were inpatients or patients who visited the general or emergency outpatient departments. RRWP was defined as RV2 < RV1, RV3 < RV2, or RV4 < RV3. Regarding ECGs considered to show RRWP, we confirmed the presence or absence of an abnormal Q wave and whether ultrasound cardiography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, coronary angiography, and/or left ventriculography were performed to obtain detailed information.Results: RRWP was identified in 34 patients (0.3%). Among these patients, 29 (85%) had undergone cardiac evaluation. The final diagnosis was previous anterior MI in 12 patients (41%) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) without MI in 5 patients (17%). All 17 patients with IHD had left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis. The other patients were diagnosed with dilated (two patients, 7%) and hypertrophic (one patient, 3%) cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy (one patient, 3%), or pulmonary embolism (one patient, 3%). Only seven patients (24%) were normal.Conclusions: RRWP is rare in daily clinical practice; however, it is a highly indicative marker for cardiac disease, particularly IHD with LAD artery stenosis.