The present study aimed to investigate the profiles of activities of thigh muscles during 100 m sprint running in track and field athletes experienced hamstrings (muscle) strain injury, with specific emphasis on the difference between injured and non-inured legs. The subjects were 20 track and field athletes who were divided into muscle strain injury group (MS) and non muscle strain injury group (NMS). The electromyograms (EMGs) of five thigh muscles (the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) and knee joint angles were recorded during 100 m sprint running. For NMS, there were no significant differences between the right and left legs. For MS, the averaged EMG of every muscle,expressed as relative to that during maximum voluntary contraction (%mEMG_MVC), values of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus in the latter phases of takeoff and swing periods were significantly higher in the injured leg than in the non-injured leg. Also, the maximal flexed and extended angles of the knee joint during takeoff and swing period, respectively, for the injured leg were significantly greater than those for non-injured leg. Thus, the present results indicate that track and field athletes experienced hamstrings (muscle) strain injury show by higher EMG activities in the biceps femoiris and semitendinosus of the injured leg at the later phases of swing and takeoff periods during 100 m sprint running. This may be partially related to the running style with a greater extended position of knee joint angles at the corresponding phases.

1) To become physicians who care for patients as human beings, medical students must know about child welfare. A serious problem in the fields of medicine and welfare is child abuse. Collaboration is needed to support children and families, but many challenges exist.
2) The goal of our Multidisciplinary Team Workshop, which started in 2006 and targets students in a wide range of fields, is to educate future practitioners about the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration.
3) More than 80% of the participating students felt the workshop was useful, and the participation of medical students increased the significance of the workshop for students from other disciplines.

Among 62 patients who underwent hybrid arch TEVAR, which is a combination of supra-aortic bypass and TEVAR to treat arch aneurysm, 5 patients encountered postoperative cerebral infarction. In 2 patients, whose thoracic aorta were extremely shaggy, cerebral infarction were multiple and fatal. Other 3 patients, whose aorta were not shaggy, developed visual disturbance after TEVAR and minor cerebral infarction were detected in the area of vertebral artery. To prevent cerebral infarction after hybrid arch TEVAR, the blood flow from the left subclavian to vertebral artery is considered to be significant.

  One patient was intervened by our palliative care team (PCT) to relieve neuropathic pain due to postoperative recurrence of rectal cancer. The dosage controlled-release oxycodone was increased, analgesic adjuvant drugs were changed and the administration of betamethasone were started. Furthermore, the number of times the patient took controlled-release oxycodone increased two to three times a day. These changes in medication resulted in relief of symptoms. Cetuximab therapy was given twice during the course. The other patient was intervened by the PCT for right upper limb pain and dyspnea due to postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. Morphine sulfate hydrate and analgesic adjuvant were additionally given. As pain increased three days after the administeration of transdermal fentanyl patches, the patches were changed every other day, instead of every three days. FEC100 therapy was given twice during the course. In the present two cases, the PCT was intervened with great zeal and rapid relief of symptoms resulted. In the meantime chemotherapy proceeded uneventfully. We thought that trust of the chief doctor in the PCT was most important for effective intervention.

Myocardial revascularization combined with valvular surgery were performed on 8 patients between 1986 and 1990. There were 4 males and 4 females (mean age=60.6 years). Mitral valve replacement was performed in 3 patients, aortic valve replacement in 2, and double valve replacement in 3. There were no operation death, but one late death was seen. No angina attack was evident and NYHA functional class was improved in all patients in survivers. Coronary angiography should be performed in all adult patients who have valvular disease and those with significant artery disease should undergo bypass grafting concomitant with valvular surgery.

A total of 961 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between 1982 and 1991, and we investigated perioperative cerebral infarction. The average age of operation in these case was 65±4 years. There was 9 patients with hypertension, 7 with diabetes mellitus and 5 with hyperlipidemia. Concerning cerebral infarction, there were 3 patients with multiple infarction, 6 with infarction of the mid cerebral artery area, 1 with infarction of posterior cerebral artery area, 1 with infarction of posterior cerebral artery area, 1 with infarction of pons and 1 with infarction of the ophthalmic artery. The courses of infarction involved atherosclerosis, hypoperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass, thrombosis due to arterial fibrillation and thrombus on the left ventricular wall. Three patients who had critical cerebral infarction died after CABG. We consider that avoid perioperative cerebral infarction preoperative atherosclerosis, thrombus and to choose the proper procedure of the operation.

An 80-year-old male patient had complained of left abdominal pain since 1990, and an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) 5.3cm in diameter was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). The patient was NYHA class III with complaints of chest pain during exercise. Coronary arteriography showed that he had three-vessel disease. At that time, aneurysmectomy was not anticipated due to his age and because the AAA showed no tendency to enlarge. However, in October 1993, CT showed that the AAA rapidly enlarged to 6.8cm in diameter. Due to the greater risk of rupture of the AAA, aneurysmectomy was considered necessary. The operative mortality associated with aneurysmectomy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is higher than that in patients without CAD. Therefore, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was indicated prior to aneurysmectomy. The patient underwent CABG (two vessels) in December 1993, and aneurysmectomy was successfully performed in February 1994. He was discharged uneventfully 17 days after the operation.

　　The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antimicrobial use density (AUD) as an indicator for evaluating the amount of antimicrobials used, an index that is now widely employed in many facilities. Defined daily doses (DDD) set by WHO are used for calculating AUD. However, discrepancies have been noted between other countries and Japan in the standard dosage of antimicrobials, which may cause a problem evaluating antimicrobial use with the DDD. Therefore, in this study, we calculated AUD (modified antimicrobial use density: mAUD) with the DDD (modified defined daily dose: mDDD) of our hospital for the carbapenem antimicrobial meropenem (MEPM), mAUD, and resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From 2010 through fiscal year 2016 (ending in March), AUD was 5.9±1.4, 7.0±2.9, 8.2±2.3, 6.8±2.1, 7.3±2.2, 7.0±2.1, and 8.0±3.0 and mAUD was 11.7±2.7, 12.0±4.9, 11.3±3.1, 11.0± 3.4, 11.4±3.5, 11.5±3.5, and 11.2±4.2, respectively. The corresponding resistance rate of P. aeruginosa was 35.1%, 37.9%, 10.0%, 6.0%, 22.6%, 10.6%, and 10.0%. A significant positive correlation was found between mAUD and the resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.01, r = 0.88). Our results confirm that the mAUD is an effective index for controlling resistance of P. aeruginosa.

We evaluated bedside learning in the department of pediatric surgery by conducting a questionnaire survey of senior medical students at Chiba University School of Medicine. We obtained responses from 70 of 95 students (74%). Although 84% of students responded by making lists of patients' problems. Many students indicated insufficient knowledge about diseases and insufficient technical skills for medical treatment as the reasons they could not solve these problems. This finding indicates that students do not have sufficient basic knowledge and clinical skills for bedside learning. These skills must be acquired and evaluated before bedside learning can be started.