Introduction: We evaluated the risk of shortness of inhalation when using laninamivir without inhalation practices.

Method: We counted the number of attempts required by each patient to sound the whistle. We classified the patients into the following categories: ①Sound rang in the first attempt; ②Sound rang within 3 attempts; ③Sound rang with in 5 attempts; ④Sound rang within 10 attempts; ⑤The whistle did not sound. We assessed the following: 1. the rate of patients younger than 10 years of age assessed category ② or less,; 2. the rate of patients of teen-age, and 3. the rate of patients of 20 years of age or older, assessed category ③ or less.

Results: We examined 56 patients, and we found that the rate for 1. was 7/11= 63.6%, for 2. was 4/33= 12.1%, and for 3. was 2/12= 16.7%.

Conclusion: We found that more than 60% of patients younger than 10 years of age and more than 10% of patients of 10 years of age or older were at risk of shortness of inhalation when using laninamivir without inhalation practices. And we propose other medication if patients cannot sound the whistle within about 5 attempts.

We describe a patient who underwent arthroscopic pullout fixation for a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture. A 46-year-old female, injured in a fall while riding a motorcycle, was diagnosed with a right knee PCL tibial attachment avulsion fracture and underwent arthroscopic osteosynthesis. A Kirschner wire was drilled to a point just medial to the medial border of the anterior tibial bony bed. A suture wire was folded into a loop and introduced into the posteromedial compartment via the bone tunnel. A fixation thread was inserted from the posteromedial portal, through the medial and lateral loop wires, and into the posteromedial compartment. The lateral and medial loop wires attached to the thread were pulled to the outside, and the thread was fixed onto the tibia. Three months post-surgery, she returned to her job. This procedure represents a minimally invasive method of treating avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment of the PCL.
Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Motorcycles ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Sutures ; Tibia

PURPOSE: This study compared the analgesic effects of local infiltration analgesia (LIA) and femoral nerve block (FNB) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and assessed factors associated with analgesia obtained by these two methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study subjects included 66 patients (72 knees) who underwent TKA for osteoarthritis of the knee. Pain visual analogue scale (VAS), the amount of analgesics used, number of days to achieve 90° of flexion of the knee joint, date of initiating parallel-bar walking, range of motion of the knee joint at discharge, and adverse events were investigated. RESULTS: The VAS scores did not differ significantly between two groups, whereas the amount of analgesics used was significantly lower in the LIA group. Preoperative flexion contracture was significantly more severe in the LIA group with high VAS compared with low VAS. No serious adverse event occurred in the LIA or FNB group. CONCLUSIONS: The lower analgesic usage in the LIA group than the FNB group indicates that the analgesic effect of LIA was greater than that of singleshot FNB after TKA. There were no serious complications in either group. The postoperative analgesic effect of LIA was smaller in patients with severe than less severe preoperative flexion contracture.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Contracture ; Femoral Nerve ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Osteoarthritis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Walking

PURPOSE: The fixed flexion view (FFV) of the knee is considered useful for evaluating the joint space when assessing the severity of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. To clarify the usefulness of FFV for evaluation of the joint space and severity of knee OA, this study evaluated changes in the joint space on the FFV and standing extended view (SEV) in patients with knee OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SEV and FFV images were acquired in 567 patients (1,102 knees) who visited the hospital with a chief complaint of knee joint pain. Medial joint space width (MJSW) and Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) classification assessed using the SEV and FFV images were compared. RESULTS: Mean MJSW was significantly smaller when assessed on the FFV than on the SEV (3.02±1.55 mm vs. 4.31±1.30 mm; p<0.001). The K-L grade was the same or higher on the FFV than on the SEV. CONCLUSIONS: The FFV is more useful than the SEV for evaluating the joint space in OA knees. Treatment strategies in patients with knee OA should be determined based on routinely acquired FFV images.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Classification ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Osteoarthritis ; Radiography