OBJECTIVETo study the conditions and parameters of purifying total flavonoids from seed residue of H. rhamnoides.

METHODAbsorption capacity of three resins for total flavonoids was compared. With the yield and purity as indexes, the process of absorbing and purifying total flavonoids from seed residue with D101 macroporous resin absorbent was selected by orthogonal design.

RESULTThe D101 resin was the best of the three resins and its absorption capacity was determined to be 63.00 mg x g(-1) wet resin. The optimum process condition was 30% ethanol as eluting solvent, wet resin vs crude herbs: 2:1, diameter vs height: 1:10, eluting solvent vs crude herbs: 10:1, absorbing time for 3 h. The yield of total flavonoids from seeds residue of H. rhamnoides by this process was 2.39%, and the purity reached 64.81%.

CONCLUSIONThe process is simple and convenient and the regeneration of resin is easy. So this method of purification is advisable.

Ethanol ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

The leaves of sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides), considered as common food raw materials, have records of medicinal use and diverse pharmacological activities, showing a potential medicinal value. However, the active substances in the sea buckthorn leaves and their mechanisms of action remain unclear. In addition, due to the extensive source and large variety variations, the quality evaluation criteria of sea buckthorn leaves remain to be developed. To solve the problems, this study predicted the main active components, core targets, key pathways, and potential pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn leaves by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Furthermore, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection(UPLC-DAD) was employed to determine the content of active components and establish the chemical fingerprint, on the basis of which the quality markers of sea buckthorn leaves were predicted and then verified by the enzyme activity inhibition method. The results indicated that sea buckthorn leaves had potential therapeutic effects on a variety of digestive tract diseases, metabolic diseases, tumors, and autoimmune diseases, which were consistent with the ancient records and the results of modern pharmacological studies. The core targets of sea buckthorn leaves included PTPN11, AKT1, PIK3R1, ESR1, and SRC, which were mainly involved in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, the active components of sea buckthorn leaves are associated with the rich flavonoids and tannins, among which quercitrin, narcissoside, and ellagic acid can be used as the quality markers of sea buckthorn leaves. The findings provide a reference for the quality control and further development and utilization of sea buckthorn leaves as medicinal materials.
Hippophae/chemistry* ; Network Pharmacology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Flavonoids/analysis* ; Fruit/chemistry*

Sea buckthorn berries and leaves are two medicinal parts derived from the same primitive plant,mostly used as ethnic medicine,which have a long history in Mongolian and Tibetan. This paper reviews the studies on the chemical composition and differences between sea buckthorn berries and leaves. They have the same or similar composition and content of flavonoids,triterpenes,steroids,organic acids and volatile oils,also have some differences. The main differences are as follows: the flavonoids content in the sea buckthorn leaves is greater than that of the sea buckthorn berries,but the species of flavonoids in the berries are higher than leaves. The species and content of steroids and organic acids in the berries are higher than that of the leaves. The berries contain abundant volatile oil,and the leaves contain many phenolic compounds. Finally,the main problems and the prospect of the next research are put forward.
Flavonoids ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Phenols ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Hippophae rhamnoides is one of the most representative economy crops for its wide uses of biological diversity and abundance of resource. As the key healthy food development and ecology protection, H. rhamnoides has been developed widely. Meanwhile, the development of H. rhamnoides has obtained great achievements. Nowadays, H. rhamnoides is still a necessary economy crop, while it has great influence on ecology protection. This paper discussed the phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical application and product development, and propounded some suggestions for future research and economy development to get comprehensive benefit of H. rhamnoides and to serve for well-off society.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Polyphenols ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo establish the quality control standard of Xindi soft capsule.

METHODQuercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were isolated by TLC with chloroform-ethyl formate-formic acid (5:4:1). The chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). Acetonitrile-water-phosphoric (30:70:0.1) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1) and column temperature was set at 40 degrees C. The UV detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.

RESULTQuercetin, Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin could be identified by TLC. Quercetin showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.412-1.648 microg, r = 0.999 9, the average recovery was 96.8%, and RSD was 0.9% (n = 6). Kaempferol showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.021-0.083 microg, r = 0.999 8, the average recovery was 96.9%, and RSD was 2.0% (n = 6). Isorhamnetin showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.183-0.732 microg, r = 0.999 9, the average recovery was 97.1%, and RSD was 1.6% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe method is accurate with the good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control of Xindi soft capsule.

Capsules ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Flavonols ; analysis ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Quercetin ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo develop self-microemulsifying preparations of total flavones of Hippophae Rhamnoides L. (TFH) and the determination method of dissolution.

METHODThe equilibrium solubility of TFH in different compositions of oils, emulsifier and assistant emulsifier was investigated. The self-microemulsion formula was optimized by constructing the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of blank SMEDDS determining the self-microemulsifying efficiency and the stability of the SMEDDS. The 2 hours dissolution curve of TFH self-microemulsifying preparations was established. The optimal self-microemulsion formula was composed of MIGLYOL 812 N, Cremophor EL and 1,2-Propylene glycol.

RESULTThe ratio of them was 0.5:5.7:3.8. The average particle size was 12.1 nm. The dissolution rate at 10 minutes of TFH self-microemulsifying preparation was 131% higher than that of Xinda kang tablets.

CONCLUSIONThe acquired microemulsion with small particle size is stable. The dissolution rate is evidently improved compared with market dosage forms.

Calibration ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; Flavones ; chemistry ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Tablets

The goal of the study is to evaluate the self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) which enhances the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug, total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides (TFH). It is orally administered for the protection of human cardiovascular system. Self-microemulsifying time, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphological characterization, in vitro dispersity, stability, in situ intestinal absorption and relative bioavailability were investigated in detail. The TFH-SMEDDS rapidly formed fine oil-in-water microemulsions with 0.1 mol x L(-1) hydrochloride solution, with average size of which was less than 40 nm, PDI was below 0.2, and the particles of which were observed round-shaped under transmission electron microscope. Almost 90% of TFH (expressed with quercetin) was released from SMEDDS within 20 min, which was remarkably higher than that from common capsules. The stability test showed the TFH-SMEDDS maintained stable in 6 months under accelerated condition. In situ absorption study demonstrated the absorption rate constant of TFH-SMEDDS (expressed with quercetin) was significantly higher than that of TFH in ethanolic solution (P < 0.05). The absorption of TFH from SMEDDS showed a 4.18-fold increase in relative bioavailability (expressed with quercetin) compared with that of the suspension. The results suggest that SMEDDS is a promising drug delivery system to increase the oral bioavailability of TFH.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Emulsions ; Flavones ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Particle Size ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVEA study was carried out to investigate the effects of seed oil and sarcocarp oil of Hippophae rhamnoides on rats with experimental hepatocirrhosis, and comparison between the two.

METHODA rat model of experimental hepatocirrhosis was set up by feeding CCl4. Different concentration of seed oil and sarcocarp oil of H. rhamnoides were feed to those rats for 45 d, then the changes of activity of ALT in serum and SOD in liver were measured.

RESULTBoth of seed oil and sarcocarp oil can control the increase of ALT in serum and the decrease of SOD evidently, and the effect of seed oil was turn out to be a little better than sarcocarp oil.

CONCLUSIONSeed oil was more effective than sarcocarp oil of H. rhamnoides in alleviating liver injury caused by CCl4.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Liver ; enzymology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Plant Oils ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of flavonoids from seed residues of Hippophae rhamnoides (FH) on the lipid metabolism and antioxidative activity in climacteric rats.

METHODMenopausal rats with aging were used in this experiment. The rats were fed with FH by gastrogavage for 13 weeks. The effect of drug on the lipid metabolism and the antioxidative activity were observed after the rats were killed.

RESULTSerum total cholesterol was decreased significantly in rats fed with FH, T-AOC and SOD in serum and liver were significantly higher than those in rats fed with water, and at the same time MDA was lower than that in rats fed with water.

CONCLUSIONFH can improve the climacteric rats' lipid metabolism, and enhance the antioxidation in climacteric rats.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Climacteric ; blood ; Female ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Liver ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the protection of seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides on ischemic cerebral infarction in rats and the mechanism of the action.

METHODFocal cerebral ischemia model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) in rats. Behavior obstacles of rats were observed. Cerebral infarction volume was determined by Megnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).

RESULTSeed oil of Hippophae rhamnides 0.7 and 0.35 g.kg-1 could markedly reduce infarction volume after occlusion of middle cerebral artery in rats and also could ameliorate the behavior obstacles of rats.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides had distinct protection to ischemic cerebral infarction in rats.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Plant Oils ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seeds ; chemistry