No abstract available.
Hippocampus* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: To investigate the value of image post-processing software (FreeSurfer, IBASPM [individual brain atlases using statistical parametric mapping software]) and inversion time (TI) in volumetric analyses of the hippocampus and to identify differences in comparison with manual tracing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain images from 12 normal adults were acquired using magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) with a slice thickness of 1.3 mm and TI of 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 ms. Hippocampal volumes were measured using FreeSurfer, IBASPM and manual tracing. Statistical differences were examined using correlation analyses accounting for spatial interpretations percent volume overlap and percent volume difference. RESULTS: FreeSurfer revealed a maximum percent volume overlap and maximum percent volume difference at TI = 800 ms (77.1 +/- 2.9%) and TI = 1100 ms (13.1 +/- 2.1%), respectively. The respective values for IBASPM were TI = 1100 ms (55.3 +/- 9.1%) and TI = 800 ms (43.1 +/- 10.7%). FreeSurfer presented a higher correlation than IBASPM but it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: FreeSurfer performed better in volumetric determination than IBASPM. Given the subjective nature of manual tracing, automated image acquisition and analysis image is accurate and preferable.
Adult* ; Brain ; Hippocampus ; Humans

Different doses of Hippocampus and Hippo campus - pinax ginseng were administrated orally in a 2 week course continuously did not make any change on the normal structure of seminal epithelial and testis interstitial gland of rat. There was no significant difference of seminal vesiles's average diameter in all rat' drug taken group. However this diameter was higher significantly than normal. The percentage of seminal vesicles, in which sperm reproduction was completed, was increased significantly in all drug taken groups compared to the control.
Panax ; Hippocampus ; anatomy & histology

No abstract available.
Dendrites* ; Hippocampus* ; Interneurons*

No abstract available.
Hippocampus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Hippocampus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

A fungus that grew over bed-logs of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and caused damage was isolated from mushroom-growing farms. The fungus produced extensive mat-like dark subiculum with ascomata in it and was identified as Nitschkia confertula. This is the first report in Korea and morphological characteristics are fully described.
Fungi ; Hippocampus ; Korea ; Sordariales

The formation, consolidation and retrieval of spatial memory depend on sequential firing patterns of place cells assembling in the hippocampus. Theta sequences of place cells during behavior play a role in acquisition of spatial memory, trajectory prediction and decision making. In awake rest and slow wave sleep, place cell sequences occur during the sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), called "replay", which is crucial for memory consolidation and retrieval. In this review, we summarize the functional significances of theta sequences and SWRs replay sequences and the mechanism of these sequences. We also discuss the relationship between theta and replay sequences with the formation of spatial memory. We propose the research direction in this field in future and aim to provide new ideas for related researches.
Hippocampus ; Sleep ; Spatial Memory ; Wakefulness

For in vivo neural recording, local field potential (LFP) is often corrupted by spatially correlated artifacts, especially in awake/behaving subjects. A method named adaptive common average reference (ACAR) based on the concept of adaptive noise canceling (ANC) that utilizes the correlative features of common noise sources and implements with common average referencing (CAR), was proposed for removing the spatially correlated artifacts. Moreover, a correlation analysis was devised to automatically select appropriate channels before generating the CAR reference. The performance was evaluated in both synthesized data and real data from the hippocampus of pigeons, and the results were compared with the standard CAR and several previously proposed artifacts removal methods. Comparative testing results suggest that the ACAR performs better than the available algorithms, especially in a low SNR. In addition, feasibility of this method was provided theoretically. The proposed method would be an important pre-processing step for in vivo LFP processing.
Artifacts ; Columbidae ; Hippocampus ; Methods ; Noise

No abstract available.
Animals ; Hippocampus* ; Rats* ; Serotonin* ; Synapses*