PURPOSE: Hip fractures among elderly patients are surgical emergencies. During COVID-19 pandemic time, many such patients could not be operated at early time because of the limitation of the medical resources, the risk of infection and redirection of medical attention to a severe infective health problem. METHODS: A search of electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) with the keywords "COVID", "COVID-19″, "SARS-COV-2", "Corona", "pandemic", "hip fracture", "trochanteric fracture" and "neck femur fracture" revealed 64 studies evaluating treatment of hip fracture in elderly patients during COVID-19 pandemic time. The 30-day mortality rate, inpatient mortality rate, critical care/special care need, readmission rate and complications rate in both groups were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) V.5.3. RESULTS: After screening, 7 studies were identified that described the mortality and morbidity in hip fractures in both COVID-19 infected (COVID-19 +) and non-infected (COVID-19 -) patients. There were significantly increased risks of 30-day mortality (32.23% COVID-19 + death vs. 8.85% COVID-19 - death) and inpatient mortality (29.33% vs. 2.62%) among COVID-19 + patients with odds ratio (OR) of 4.84 (95% CI: 3.13 - 7.47, p < 0.001) and 15.12 (95% CI: 6.12 - 37.37, p < 0.001), respectively. The COVID-19 + patients needed more critical care admission (OR = 5.08, 95% CI: 1.49 - 17.30, p < 0.009) and they remain admitted for a longer time in hospital (mean difference = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.74 - 5.45, p < 0.001); but there was no difference in readmission rate between these 2 groups. The risks of overall complications (OR = 17.22), development of pneumonia (OR = 22.25), and acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute respiratory failure (OR = 32.96) were significantly high among COVID-19 + patients compared to COVID-19 - patients. CONCLUSIONS There are increased risks of the 30-day mortality, inpatient mortality and critical care admission among hip fracture patients who are COVID-19 +. The chances of developing pneumonia and acute respiratory failure are more in COVID-19 + patients than in COVID-19 ‒ patients.
Humans ; Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Pandemics ; Hospital Mortality ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Pneumonia ; Morbidity ; Respiratory Insufficiency/complications*

Following the implementation of a long-term care insurance system for the elderly in Korea, many nursing homes have been established and many more patients than ever before have been living at nursing homes. Despite the fact that this is a high-risk group vulnerable to hip fractures, no study has yet been conducted in Korea on hip fracture incidence rates and prognoses among patients residing at nursing homes. We recently studied 46 cases of hip fracture in nursing homes; more specifically, we investigated the most common conditions under which fractures occur, and examined the degree of recovery of ambulatory ability and the mortality within 1 yr. Among those who had survived after 1 yr, the number of non-functional ambulators increased from 8 hips before hip fracture to 19 hips at final post-fracture follow-up. These individuals showed poor recovery of ambulatory ability, and the number who died within one year was 11 (23.9%), a rate not significantly different from that among community-dwelling individuals. It was evident that hip-joint-fracture nursing home residents survived for similar periods of time as did those dwelling in the community, though under much more uncomfortable conditions. The main highlight of this report is that it is the first from Korea on nursing home residents' ambulatory recovery and one-year mortality after hip fracture. The authors believe that, beginning with the present study, the government should collect and evaluate the number of hips fractured at nursing facilities in order to formulate criteria that will help to enable all patients to select safer and better-quality nursing facilities for themselves or their family members.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology ; Dementia/etiology ; Female ; Hip Fractures/complications/*epidemiology/mortality ; Humans ; Insurance, Long-Term Care ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Nursing Homes ; Odds Ratio ; Parkinson Disease/etiology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: It is debatable whether a managed care model would affect the quality of care and length of hospital stay in the treatment of hip fractures in elderly patients. METHODS: This prospective study was undertaken to determine whether or not a managed care critical pathway tool shortened hospital stay in a group of 102 senior patients with fractures of the hip during follow-up. We compared our study findings with two equivalent populations of senior hip fracture patients not treated using a critical care pathway concerning specific markers of quality. RESULTS: The managed care group had a 9% mortality rate, 95% return to prefracture living and 63% return to ambulatory status. The rates compared favorably with previous studies. The quality of care provided before and after the critical pathway was equivalent, while the post-pathway length of stay dropped 30%. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed care protocol is recommended to shorten hospital stay in elderly patients with hip fractures.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hip Fractures/*epidemiology/mortality/*therapy ; Humans ; Length of Stay/*statistics & numerical data ; Los Angeles/epidemiology ; Male ; Managed Care Programs/*statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Patient Readmission ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Health Care