Left ventricular rupture is one of the major lethal complications of mitral valve replacement. A case of successful repair of postoperative left ventricular rupture following mitral valve and aortic valve replacements, tricuspid valve annuloplasty in chronic renal failure is described. The patient was a 58-year-old male and suffered from mitral stenosis and regurgitation with left atrial thrombi, aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and tricuspid regurgitation. It has been 13 years since the patient was operated on for mitral stenosis with open mitral commissurotomy. Mitral valve and aortic valve replacements, tricuspid valve annuloplasty was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest using the extracorporeal ultrafiltration method (ECUM) and continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVH). The patient has been in good condition during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. After the operation, left ventricular rupture occurred due to transient high blood pressure in the operating room. The patient was quickly put back on cardiopulmonary bypass. In this case, the rupture occurred although no technical errors were thought to be made. The site of the rupture was type II in the Treasure classification. The left ventricular rupture was repaired with the patch closure method under cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest. The postoperative cardiac function was relatively well preserved. More attention should be paid to cases in this type of condition; mitral stenosis, long history, multiple valve replacements, and chronic renal failure. This patient died from sepsis caused by the infectious route of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on the 61st postoperative day.

Splenic artery aneurysm is considered to be a relatively uncommon disease. It is difficult to diagnose asymptomatic cases of splenic artery aneurysm when the physician does not recognize the presence of this disease. The recent development of diagnostic imaging technology has resulted in an increasing number of reported asymptomatic cases of splenic artery aneurysm using ultrasonography and computed X-ray tomography. An asymptomatic case of a 44-year-old woman who had an abdominal mass around the splenic hilus detected with ultrasonography is reported. Color-coded Doppler ultrasonography led to a preoperatively confirmed diagnosis of splenic artery aneurysm with the detection of intraluminal arterial flow in the mass. The aneurysm was a semispherical mass, 20×16×13mm in size. At operation, only aneurysmectomy was carried out and splenectomy was not performed. The patient was discharged with a complete cure on the 18th postoperative day. Color-coded Doppler ultrasonography is extremely effective in the diagnosis of abdominal splanchnic artery aneurysms.

The persistent fifth aortic arch is rare vascular anomaly. To our knowledge, this is the 24th reported case of the persistent fifth aortic arch. This patient was a 31 days old male infant and had the persistent fifth aortic arch associated with atresia of the fourth aortic arch, patent ductus arteriosus, a double-outlet right ventricle, and a mesocardia. He underwent a fifth aortic arch division and an extended aortic arch anastomosis with a division of ductus arteriosus. There was no blood pressure gradient between upper and lower limbs after the repair. However, no weaning from a cardiopulmonary bypass after the subsequent radical operation for double-outlet right ventricle caused his death.