PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the growth pattern of breast fed and formula fed infants in the first 1 year of life. METHODS: Anthropometric data (weight, length, head circumference) of at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were collected by chart review and characteristics of subjects were collected by questionnaires. Among 358 infants, breast fed infants were 161 (84 males, 77 females) and formula fed infants were 90 (42 males, 48 females). Neither group was given solid foods before 4 months. The weight for age, length for age and head circumference for age were calculated. Breast fed infants were separated into 2 groups (breast fed for 4-11 months and breast fed for more than 12 months). RESULTS: Characteristics of infants and mothers were similar in both groups except for maternal age. Mean weight of breast fed group was lower than that of formula fed group at 12 months of age (male: P=0.004, female: P=0.004). However, mean weight of 12 months breast fed group was below formula fed groups weight at 9 and 12 months (P< 0.05). Mean length and head circumference were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: The growth indices of breast fed and formula fed infants are similar at birth, but weight curves of two groups differ in the first 1 year.
Breast Feeding ; Breast* ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of postoperative residual curarization (PORC) following the use of intermediate-acting neuromuscular blocking agents is lower than that of longer-acting neuromuscular blocking agents, it has been reported in many studies. We compared the incidence of PORC following either rocuronium or vecuronium given by intermittent bolus or continuous infusion dosing. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients were included in this study. Neuromuscular blocking drugs were administered based solely on clinical criteria, and the reversal agent pyridostigmine was given to all patients. Residual block following rocuronium infusion (Group R-I), rocuronium bolus (Group R-B), vecuronium infusion (Group V-I), or vecuronium bolus dosing (Group V-B) was evaluated on arrival in the postanesthesia care unit. Neuromuscular function was assessed acceleromyographically (using TOF-Watch(R) to measure the train-of-four (TOF) ratio) and also clinically. PORC was defined as a TOF ratio of < 0.8. RESULTS: The incidence of PORC on arrival in the postanesthesia care unit was 20% in Group R-I, 23% in Group R-B, 42% in Group V-I, and 19% in Group V-B. Mean TOF ratio in Group V-I was less than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PORC is still common following vecuronium or rocuronium, even after the block is antagonized, if neuromuscular blocking agents are administered according to clinical criteria alone.
Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Vecuronium Bromide*

Isolated deficiency of 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase is a rare disorder of the catabolic pathway for leucine and many patients have mild symptoms or no symptom. However, the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry in newborn screening has revealed an unexpectedly high incidence of this disorder. We report an asymptomatic premature infant with isolated 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase deficiency detected by newborn screening program using tandem mass spectrometry. She was born at preterm, 36 weeks of gestation and her birth weight was 1,912 gm. She was delivered by Cesarian section due to maternal preeclampsia and oligohydramnios. An elevation of 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine in a blood sample obtained at Seven days was detected by tandem mass screening. Massively elevated excretion of 3-hydroxyisovalerate and 3-methylcrotonylglycine was detected in the urine collected at 15 days. L-carnitine(100 mg/kg/day) was administrated orally to correct sencondary carnitine deficiency. Carnitine is conjugated with metabolites, to decrease the potential toxic effects. She is asymptomatic to date, and her growth and development are within normal limits.
Birth Weight ; Carnitine ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Leucine ; Mass Screening* ; Oligohydramnios ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry*

Blue nevus of the uterine cervix is a rare benign pigmented lesion consisting of dermal melanocytes in the stroma. It is similar to those of common blue nevus of the skin. Most of these are clinically or colposcopically unsuspected and an incidental finding often found in hysterectomy specimens. The case here was incidentally found in surgical pieces after hysterectomy in 43-year-old women performed for leiomyoma. We report a case of blue nevus of the uterine cervix with a review of the literature.
Adult ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidental Findings ; Leiomyoma ; Melanocytes ; Nevus, Blue* ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: Mean weight gains, standard deviations were calculated for each gestational months and the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were determined. And the influence of prepregnancy body mass index and/or parity on monthly weight gain was investigated. METHODS: We analyzed the monthly weight gain data from 876 women who had healthy sigleton term pregnancy in Han-il Hospital(Jul 2001-Jun 2002). Data were categorized in three groups according to the prepregnancy body mass index. RESULTS: The monthly weight gain table has been determined and 'Sigmoid(S) shaped' monthly weight gain curve was presented. Primipara and multipara have less weight gain than nullipara in the 5th and the 7th-11th months. Monthly weight gains adjusted for parity and age were significantly different among prepregnancy body mass index groups from the 4th month. CONCLUSIONS: More careful prenatal care according to the monthly weight gain-gestational month tables is needed to prevent a lot of complications which may be associated with abnormal weight gain during pregnancy.
Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Parity ; Pregnancy* ; Prenatal Care ; Weight Gain*

Ectopic pancreas rarely produces clinical symptoms. Most commonly reported symptoms were abdominal pain, epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding. However, presentation of specific symptoms due to its size and location, including obstructive jaundice, and pyloric obstruction are possible. Ectopic pancreas is subject to various pathological changes occurring in the pancreas itself; namely, cyst, pancreatitis, hemorrhage, necrosis, and neoplastic change. We present a case of 60-year old woman with right upper quadrant pain in whom the surgical pathologic diagnosis was ectopic pancreas of the stomach complicated by pancreatitis and pseudocyst formation.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Necrosis ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatitis* ; Stomach ; Vomiting