No abstract available.
Estradiol* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Progesterone*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Turner Syndrome*

PURPOSE: Infrared thermometers are increasingly used as a convenient, non-invasive assessment method for febrile children. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the infrared thermometer for children has been questioned, particularly in relation to sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of infrared thermometers in febrile children. METHODS: Articles published between 1966 and 2012 from periodicals indexed in the Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, KoreaMed, NDSL, KERIS and other databases were selected, using the following keywords: 'infrared thermometer'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. RESULTS: Nineteen diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 4,304 children, were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC (Area Under the Curve) of infrared tympanic thermometers in children over 1 year were 0.80 (95% CI 0.78, 0.81), 0.94 (95% CI 0.93, 0.95) and 0.95 respectively. However the diagnostic accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometers in children with hyperthermia was low. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometer was similar to axillary and rectal thermometers indicating a need for further research to substantiate these findings in children with hyperthermia.
Adolescent ; Area Under Curve ; Body Temperature ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Databases, Factual ; Fever/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infrared Rays ; Odds Ratio ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thermometers/*standards

Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are loops of DNA which occur in the nucleoli of cells which possess ribosomal RNA genes. The numbers and areas of NORs have been thought to be related to cellular activities. We aimed to investigate the direct relationship between the parameters of AgNORs and cellular proliferative activity using immunohistochemical method with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which demonstrates proliferating nuclei. The sequential technique for the simultaneous Ki-67 immunostaining and NOR staining was applied to the same slides of a series of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of the low, intermediate, and high grade type. The number of AgNOR per cell was counted and mean NOR percentage nuclear area (NPNA) was measured by morphometry in both the Ki-67 positive and Ki-67 negative nuclei. The increased immunoreactivity for Ki-67 was found in the high grade than in the low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This was reflected in the two areas of the palatine tonsils and lymph nodes, the positive cell counts being higher in the follicle center nuclei than in those in the interfollicular compartment. In general the numbers and NPNA of AgNORs were higher in the Ki-67 positive nuclei than in those lacking the antigen in malignant lymphomas as well as in control. The AgNORs numbers and NPNA in controls were the highest in the Ki-67 positive cells in the follicular area and the lowest in the Ki-67 negative cells in the perifollicular area. In malignant lymphomas the numbers and NPNA of AgNORs tended to increase in proportion to their grade in both the Ki-67 positive and negative cells. The numbers of AgNORs of the high grade and the NPNA of the intermediate and the high grade were significantly higher in Ki-67 positive cells than in Ki-67 negative ones. With this double staining method it was now possible to confirm that numbers and NPNA of AgNORs were directly related to the cellular proliferative activity. In maligant lymphoma, among the several parameters of the AgNORs, NPNA in Ki-67 positive cells is proposed to be the most useful marker in determining the prognosis of the patient.
Cell Count ; DNA ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Palatine Tonsil ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Rheumatic Fever*

It is well known that the cell type and histopathological grading of gliomas correlate well with clinicalcourse and prognosis. Therefore, it is tempting to set certain criteria that could predict the histopathologiccharacteristics of the gliomas before the surgical intervention. With a total of 56 cases of gliomas which wereverified histopathologically in Seoul National University Hospital between July 1978 and May 1983, a statisticalanalysis of the computed tomographic findings was done with the particular emphasis on the correlation withhistopatholoigcal features. The results are as follows; 1. The calcification is observed in 27 cases (48.2%) intotal: in 20 cases (62.5%) among low grade group, in 6 cases (46.1%) among high grade group and in 1 case (9.1%)among glioblastoma multiformed group respectively. 2. The mass effect, especially surrounding low densitycorrelates well with the grade of malignancy. 3. The contrast enhancement is observed in 43 cases (76.8%). Thepattern of enhancement provides clues for the assessment of cell type and grade with fair degree of reliability.Among low grade group, 10 cases (31.3%) show no enhancement and 10 cases show solid enhancement. Among high gradegroup, 6 cases (46.8%) show solid enhancement and nodular or ring enhancement are not observed. Among glioblastomamlultiform group, 8 cases (72.7%) show characteristic thick irregular ring enhancement. 4. Plain CT densities arenot useful in differentiating each group in statistically significant level. 5. Neither the margin of the mass northe degree of contrast enhancement contributes for the differentiation of each group. 6. Summarizing the abovementioned findings it is concluded that CT is very helpful in differentiating the gliomas with regard tohistopathological cell type and the grade of malignancy as well.
Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; Prognosis ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor*

In the case of IIc type of early gastric cancer occuring from the area of ulcer sear, endoscopic differentiation between it and beoign ulcer scar is occasionally very difficult, due to the absence of characteristic malignant features. The presence of the irregular granular mucosal changes on the area of ulcer scar may be very helpful in the differential diagnosis between early gastric cancer and benign ulcer sear. And underetanding of the malignant cycle of early gaetric cancer is very important for the diagnosis of the depressed forms of early gastric cancer, We experienced and report a cases of IIc type of early gastric cancer diagnosed before operation by the endoscopic finding of irregular granular mucoeal changes on the area of ulcer scar and showing part of malignant cycle.
Cicatrix* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Ulcer*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy of conical telescope outer crown with Co-Cr-Ti alloy(Dentitan) and to compare the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crowns using different pattern materials (plastic foil, casting wax, pattern resin). To evaluate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy, patterns with plastic foil were invested under three different liquid/powder ratio conditions using phosphate bonded investment (Univest-nonprecious): standard, 10% decreased and 10% increased. At each liquid/powder ratio condition, metal ring was lined with single or double layers of ceramic ring liner. The marginal discrepancy of outer crown at different investing conditions was measured by x 100 compact measuring microscope(STM5, Olympus, Japan). For measurement of the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crown using different pattern materials, the investing condition of 10% decreased liquid/powder ratio and double layers of ring liner was selected because this investing condition resulted in the best fit of outer crown. Marginal discrepancy was measured in the same way above and retention force on universal testing machine. Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The thickness of ring liner had more influence on the marginal discrepancy of outer crown than the liquid/powder ratio, and the acceptable marginal fitness could not be expected at the investing condition directed by investment manufacturer. 2. There were no differences in the marginal discrepancy of outer crown among three different pattern materials 00.05). 3. Casting wax showed the greatest retention force(1640g) of outer crown, followed by pattern resin(1110g), plastic foil(820g). However, there was no significant difference between plastic foil and pattern resin(p>0.05). 4. Plastic foil showed the least variation in marginal discrepancy and retention force.
Alloys* ; Ceramics ; Crowns* ; Investments ; Plastics ; Telescopes*

No abstract available.
Body Mass Index* ; Pregnancy* ; Weight Gain*