No abstract available.
Hematuria*

The present study was undertaken to observe the quality and quantity of lipid constituents by the developing Ascaris suum eggs. The collected eggs from the uterus of A. suum were classified into 3 groups, i.e., single cell stage, morula stage and embryonated eggs, and were subjected to analyse their lipid fractions. To obtain the morula stage eggs, 10 to 11 incubation days at 30 degree C were needed and for the embryonated eggs, 30 to 31 days were lasted. At the time of experiment, their indices of development by Hoffman were 285(morula stage) and 42 (embryonated stage) respectively. Lipid extraction was done by the methods of Folch et a1. (1957) and Kenny (1952), and then the extracted lipid fractions from the above 3 groups of eggs were separated by thin layer chromatography. Those fractions were also subjected to perform the quantitative analyses of fatty acids, glycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Total amount of fatty acid was decreased from 12.9 mg per gram of eggs (single cell stage) to 6.6 mg/gm (embryonated eggs), whereas the proportion of free fatty acid to total fatty acid was constantly increased from 77.5 percent to 89.4 percent during the period of egg development. Total amount of glycerides was also increased from 33.0 mg/gm of single cell stage to 55.9 mg/gm of the embryonated eggs. The most abundant glyceride among 3 glycerides discovered from A. suum eggs was triglyceride, and the least was monoglyceride. The amount of free cholesterol was much larger than that of ester form in general, and it reached maximum in the eggs of morula stage (4.6 mg/gm). The increase of total cholesterol was monitored during the development of A. suum eggs from 3.3 mg/gm to 5.4 mg/gm. The following 8 phospholipids were detected in the embryonated eggs, i.e., lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and unknown phospholipid. But in the single cell stage eggs, 4 kinds out of the above 8 phopholipids were not observed, and in the morula stage eggs, 2 kinds were absent among the 8 phospholipids.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Ascaris suum ; ovum ; lipid ; fatty acid ; glycerides ; triglyceride ; monoglyceride ; cholesterol ; lysophosphatidyl choline ; phosphatidyl inositol ; sphingomyelin ; phosphatidyl choline ; phosphatidyl glycerol ; phosphatidyl serine ; phosphatidyl ethanolamine ; phopholipids ; biochemistry

In attempt to investigate histone fractions and non-histones of parasites, nuclei were isolated from Fasciola hepatica by the procedure of Pogo et al. (1966). Histone fractions H1, H2a, H2b, H3 and H4 were prepared from isolated nuclei by the procedure of Johns (1964 and l967). The five histone fractions found in most tissues were also present in the Fasciola hepatica histones. These histone fractions were characterized by amino acid analysis and by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Non-histone proteins were extracted from isolated Fasciola hepatica nuclei and separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results of the experiment were summarized as follows: The yield of whole histone recovered was 2.47 mg per 1 g of Fasciola hepatica. The yield of DNA was 1.02 mg per gm of tissues. Consequently the DNA to histone ratio was 1:2.44. The relative amounts of five fractions, i.e., Hl, H2a, H2b, H3 and H4 were 19.96 percent, 26.48 percent, 29.60 percent, 12.56 percent and 14.37 percent, respectively. Amino acid analysis of the individual histone fractions showed that the over-all compositions were similar but not identical to those of corresponding fraction from calf thymus. It was found that histone H2b fraction of Fasciola hepatica contained detectable amounts of epsilon-N-monomethyllysine. No evidence for the presence of methylated lysine or other side-chain derivatives was reported on this histone fraction. In SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel, it showed that 17 protein bands of nuclear acidic protein can be identified visually.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; histone ; DNA ; biochemistry ; amino acid ; epsilon-N-monomethyllysine

The distribution and properties of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase(EC 2.6.1.42) was investigated in adult Fasciola hepatica. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase was measured by the method of Ichihara and Koyama (1966) . Isozyme patterns of this enzyme was also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows: The activity in homogenate was found to be 12.69 units/g wet tissue. The activity of this enzyme was relatively high compared with those in rat tissues. The distribution of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 87.8 percent of the activity was in cytosolic, 10.9 percent in mitochondrial and 1.3 percent was in nuclear fraction. Cytosolic fraction of Fasciola hepatica contained Enzyme I, but not Enzyme II and III, of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase. Enzyme I was eluted by 50 mM phosphate buffer from DEAE-cellulose column and catalyzed the transamination of all three branched chain amino acids. The Enzyme I was purified about 22-folds increase in specific activity after chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The best substrate among three amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) was L-isoleucine. The optimal temperature of Enzyme I was 45 C and the optimal pH was 8.2. The Km value for leucine of Enzyme I was 4.17 mM. The Km values for alpha-ketoglutarate and pyridoxal phosphate of Enzyme I were 0.41 mM and 4.76 x 10(-3) mM, respectively.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; biochemistry ; enzyme ; aminotransferase

The activity and distribution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in adult Fasciola hepatica have been studied. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of GOT and GPT was measured by the method of Reitman and Frankel. Isozyme patterns of those enzyme were also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows: The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase was about 0.55 unit and 0.92 unit per 1 g of Fasciola hepatica, respectively. The activity of those enzymes was relatively low compared with those in mammalian tissues. The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 71 percent of the activity was in cytosolic, 24 percent in mitochondrial and 5 percent was in nuclear fraction. About 22 percent of the total alanine aminotransferase activity was found in the mitochondrial fraction, about 66 percent in the cytosolic fraction. Aspartate aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction was separated into two types of isozymes, whereas alanine aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction gave only one active peak on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; biochemistry ; enzyme ; aspartate aminotransferase ; alanine ; aminotransferase ; alanine aminotransferase

The glucose uptake rate by Eurytrema pancreaticum was a mean value of 16.44 +/- 2.42 micro-mole/hr/g, and total CO(2) production rate by the fluke averaged 5.82 +/- 0.97 micro-mole/hr/g. The relative specific activity of respiratory CO(2) showed a mean value of 5.75 +/- 0.84 per cent. The rate of CO(2) production derived from medium C(14)-glucose was a mean of 0.33 +/- 0.10 micor-mole/hr/g. Therefore, the average value of 0.32 +/- 0.04 per cent of glucose utilized by the flukes from the medium C(14)-glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentration of glycogen in E. pancreaticum was a mean of 45.50 +/- 2.18 mg/g or 4.55 +/- 0.22 %/g. But the turnover rate of glycogen pool was a mean of 0.027 +/- 0.003 %/hr or 0.009 +/- 0.002 mg/hr/g. The average value of 0.64 +/- 0.23 percent of glucose utilized by the flukes from the medium C(14)-glucose was incorporated into the glycogen. These data account for that only 1 per cent of the utilized glucose by the flukes participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen.
parasitology-helminht-trematoda- Eurytrema pancreaticum ; glucose-biochemistry ; autoradiograhy ; glucose ; glycogen ; CO(2)

OBJECTIVE: To define whether lactase-deficient subjects are intolerable to even a pack of milk(200ml) and whether milk intolerance in the patients with IBD is only due to lactose malabsorption, we performed this study. METHODS: We evaluated 32 healthy adults and 12 patients with active stage of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) who had not received antibiotics therapy within the previous 3 weeks. Thirty-two healthy adults underwent H2-breath test with 200, 400, 600 and 800ml of milk at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day of study, respectively. We measured their end-expiratory hydrogen concentrations and asked them to record the gastrointestinal symptoms. Twelve patients with IBD were tested only with 200ml of milk. Lactose malabsorption was defined as the increase of 20ppm over basal H2 concentration and lactose intolerance as having two or more of the following symptoms; abdominal pain, diarrhea, borborygmus and flatus. RESULTS: The prevalence of lactase deficiency was 72%(23 of 32 subjects) at 800ml of milk(lactose 40g). Among the lactase-deficient subjects, lactose intolerance at 200ml of milk(lactose 10g) was noticed only in 13%(3 of 23 subjects). In the patients with active stage of IBD, the frequency of milk intolerance at 200ml of milk was 50%(6 of 12 subjects), which was higher than in the healthy adults(9%). But the prevalence of lactose malabsorber in the patients with IBD at 200ml of milk(17%) was not higher than in the healthy adults(16%). CONCLUSION: Most of lactase-deficient subjects(87%) can ingest one pack of milk without lactose intolerance. The increased prevalence of lactose intolerance in the patients with IBD at 200ml of milk is not originated from lactose malabsorption, but probably from incomplete colonic compensation salvage.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Colon ; Compensation and Redress ; Diarrhea ; Drinking* ; Flatulence ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Lactase* ; Lactose Intolerance* ; Lactose* ; Milk* ; Prevalence

Drip infusion pyelography by Schencker technique was carried out on total of 20 cases, 7 normal and 13 abnormal. Of 13 abnormal cases, definite diagnosis could be obtained in 1 cases in which conventional urography had not been helpful in establishment of diagnosis, and significant information could be obtained in 6 cases. This is the first report on drip infusion pyelography in this country and no complication was observed during the examination. Drip infusion pyelography was found valuable in cases with the following problems; 1) When valuable information can not be obtained through the conventional urography. 2) When renal function is poor. 3) When delineation of anatomical details is desirable. 4) When retrograde pyelography is contraindicated. Drip infusion pyelography is a safe, new and widely accepted diagnostic procedure in urographic study.
Diagnosis ; Infusions, Intravenous* ; Urography*

Cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection in normal adults and children is usually asymptomatic. However, CMV represents a potent opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, such as neonate, victims of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, organ transplant recipients, and patients receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy, in whom the virus is capable of causing severe morbidity and mortality. We report three cases of CMV retinitis in the kedney transplat. patients who had been treated with immunosuppressants after transplant.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Child ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney* ; Mortality ; Retinitis ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Bulla is an air-filled space within the lung parenchyma resulting from deterioration of the alveolar tissue. Molecular mechanism of the formation of the bulla is not well described. Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-7, bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) receptor, and transforming growth factor(TGF)-beta receptor are known to have a stimulatory or inhibitory role in the lung formation. We investigated to see if these growth factor or cytokine receptors are involved in the bulla formation by immunohistochemical staining of bullous lung tissues from patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Bullous lung tissues were obtained from 31 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax, including 30 males and 1 female from 15 to 39 years old. The bullous tissues were obtained by video-thoracoscopic surgery and/or mini-thoracotomy and fixed in formalin. Blocks of the specimens were embedded with paraffin and cut into 5~6 micrometer thick slices. The sections were deparaffinized and hydrated and then incubated with primary antibodies against FGF-7, BMP-RII, or TGF-RII. RESULT: Of the 31 patients, 24 were TGF-RII positive including 18 strong and 6 weak positives. Observation with high magnification showed that strong immunostaining was detected in the boundary region between bullous and normal lung tissues. In contrast, all of the sections were negative with FGF-7 or BMP-RII antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of TGF-beta RII may be involved in the formation of bulla, although further molecular studies are needed to find out more detailed molecular mechanisms.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Paraffin ; Pneumothorax* ; Receptors, Cytokine ; Transforming Growth Factor beta