No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Interferons* ; Lymphocytes*

The mechanism of forward blood flow during closed chest cardiac massage remains controversial. Two theories have been suggested: the cardiac pump theory and the thoracic pump theory. Case report is presented to illustrate the use of transesophageal echocardiography during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The findings included right and left ventricular compression, closure of the mitral valve during compression, opening of the mitral valve during the release phase, and atrioventricular regurgitation during compression, indicating a positive ventricular-to-atrial pressure gradient. These findings suggest that direct cardiac compression was the predominant mechanism of forward blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in this patient. Transesophageal echocardiography offers a new approach for study of the flows and cardiac morphologic features during chest compressions in humans. An understanding of the actual mechanisms involved is necessary if improved cardiopulmonary resuscitative techniques are to be rationally developed for enhancing the outcome of resuscitation.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Heart Massage* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Resuscitation ; Thorax*

The authors have measured and obtained the Holdaway Ratio of 104 adults with normal occlusion and 75 adults with malocclusion roentgenocephalometrically. The results were as follows. 1. The Holdaway ratio was 4.41:1 in male and 11.66:1 in female. 2. In female, labial inclination of the lower central incisor was severe and convexity of the pogonion was less than male.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion

BACKGROUND: In elderly, chronic diseases are common, and depression is frequently associated with the chronic physical conditions and their progress. This study was conducted to propose the basic data to assist the comprehensive care of chronically ill elderly through draw-up the trimmed model to explain the factors affecting depression. METHODS: The subjects were 402 elderly patients (114 men, 288 women) who had been taking medication more than one year at the community health centers in the city of Busan. During March 2000, the questionnaire survey was performed on their demographic characteristics, the state of chronic disease and depression, psychosocial resources(mastery, self esteem, social support), nutritional state, economic strain, stress and functional state(ADL and IADL). The state of depression was assessed with the Short Form of Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS) The reliability test and path analysis were done by SPSS(ver7.5) and LISREL(ver 8.3) RESULTS: The reliability of the scales were fair in all items(Cronbach's alpha>0.5) In the state of present chronic diseases, hypertension(30.4%), musculoskeletal disorders(28.6%), and diabetes mellitus(12.8%) were common. The prevalence of depression(>6 scale in SGDS) was relatively high as 61.2%. In the result of path analysis, depression was aggravated with undermined self-esteem and mastery, chronic disease, economic strain, poor functional and nutritional state (p<0.01). Chronic disease affected depression directly(65.6%) as well as indirectly through psychosocial resources, untritional state, functional state and stress. CONCLUSION: The results show that chronic disease were closely associated with depression, though this study was questionnaire based and limited to the elderly who visited the health centers. concludingly, when take care elderly with chronic disease, physicians'considerations about the depression as well as physically ill conditions were important for the comprehensive care.
Aged* ; Busan ; Chronic Disease* ; Community Health Centers ; Depression* ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: The arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference(Pa-ETCO2) can be increased in patients with congenital heart disease(CHD) and, therefore, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension(PETCO2) does not accurately approximates arterial carbon dioxide tension(PaCO2). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of the Pa-ETCO2 in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing open heart surgery. METHODS: Forty three children with CHD were studied: twenty two were acyanotic and twenty one were cyanotic. Simultaneous PETCO2 and PaCO2 measurements, as well as pulse rate, blood pressure, pH and arterial oxygen tension(PaO2) were obtained for each patient during four intraoperative events: (1) after induction of anesthesia and before sternotomy, (2) after sternotomy and before cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB), (3) after weaning of CPB, and (4) after closure of sternotomy. RESULTS: The PETCO2 of cyanotic group were lower than that of acyanotic group throughout operation period, and did not change significantly after CPB. Cyanotic children demonstrated a greater Pa-ETCO2 difference before CPB as compared with acyanotic group. In acyanotic group, Pa-ETCO2 difference increased significantly after CPB(P <0.05), whereas it remained unchanged in cyanotic group. CONCLUSIONS: Since cyanotic children had higher Pa-ETCO2 differences intraoperatively and acyanotic children showed an increase in Pa-ETCO2 after CPB, the PETCO2 cannot be the alternative value to estimate reliably the PaCO2 during open heart surgery of pediatric CHD.
Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; Sternotomy ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Weaning

PURPOSE: To analyze clinical, radiological and pathological features as well as clinical outcome after surgical treatment of patients with secondary chondrosarcoma arising from osteochondroma(tosis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records, radiographs, pathologic slides of 14 patients. Nine patients were male and five were female. The mean age was 34 years. The mean follow-up period was 54 months. RESULTS: All patients had a history of previous mass since childhood or puberty. Preexisted osteochondroma was single in 3 patients and multiple in 10. Remaining 1 patient had multiple osteochondromatosis with enchondromatosis. MRI clearly provided thickness of cartilage cap, which was over 2 cm except in 2 cases. Chondrosarcoma was grade 1 in all except 1 case, which was grade 2. Wide excision was performed in 10 patients, marginal excision in 3 and amputation in 1. Twelve patients were doing very well without evidence of disease. Among 3 patients with marginal excision, 1 patient had local recurrence and 1 patient died of disease. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive understanding of clinical, radiological and pathological features of secondary chondrosarcoma is warranted for accurate diagnosis. The best result can be expected with early recognition of malignant change of osteohcondroma(tosis) and wide excision.
Amputation ; Cartilage ; Chondrosarcoma ; Enchondromatosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; Osteochondromatosis ; Puberty ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Dental Enamel*

It is well known fact that physical growth and development of children are influenced by many factors. The importance of socio-economic, geographic and cultural background cannot be over-emphasized in the evaluation of general pattern of physical growth and development of children. In this study the author measured and studied the body height and body weight of children living in the region of mine and industry located in Young-Wol Kun, Kang-Won Do, for the purpose of exploring out the influence of socio-geographic factors to act on physical growth and development of children. Total number of samples were 4,147 comprising 2,170 in male and 1,977 in female with ages ranging from 7 to 15. 1) The growth curves showed that young males grow slowly by 14 years of age, here-after rapidly and the young females grow slowly by 12 years of age, rapidly by 13 years of age and slowly thereafter. 2) The annual increment curves of body height and body weight showed that the most increment of female occurs by 13 years of age and that of mate, by 15 years of age. 3) The growth curves of the male and female crossed twice. It shows the difference of the pattern of growth between the both sexes. 4) The standards for the children in this region were presented. 5) The time of changes of stndard deviation curves of body height and body wegiht coincided nearly with that of annual increment. 6) Body weight and body height .of the children is larger than that of Korean children before World War II, but smaller than that of standards of recent Korean.
Body Height* ; Body Weight* ; Child* ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Male ; World War II

BACKGROUND: The establishment of safe and functional intravenous lines is of fundamental importance in premature sick neonates. Due to technical difficulties and various potential complications, central venous catheterization(CVC) has become an important part of long term care for prematurity. In terms of safety, it is believed by some that the central vein catheter tip should not be in the right atrium to avoid fatal complications. However, catheter performance and durability can be improved by positioning the catheter tip within the right atrium. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of intraatrial catheter tip positioning for prematurities, to resolve this controversy between patient safety and catheter performance. METHODS: Premature neonates in whom CVC had been attempted at a nursery and pediatric intensive care unit were enrolled in this study. We successfully performed eighteen CVCs in twenty patients from September 2003 to December 2004. CVC tips were in positioned within the right atrium, and central venous route, central venous catheter depth, duration of catheterization, and any complications during or after catheterization were evaluated. RESULTS: Eighteen CVC were successful among twenty attempted in premature neonates. Two attempts failed due to guidewire insertion failure. A left supraclavicular venous approach was selected for 16 patients and a right approach for two. For intraatrial tip positioning, distances from skin to catheter tip were adjusted to an average depth of 5 cm in 11 patients and 6 cm in three patients. Two arterial punctures were the only minor complications. Mean duration of catheterization was 19 days without any long term complicaions. CONCLUSIONS: To prematue long term CVC performance, left supraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization and intraatrial catheter tip positioning should be considered a first option in premature neonates.
Catheterization* ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters* ; Central Venous Catheters ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Long-Term Care ; Nurseries ; Patient Safety ; Punctures ; Skin ; Subclavian Vein ; Veins*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the modified Elmslie-Trillat operation on recurrent and habitual patella dislocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 1993 to December 2000, 16 cases of modified Elmslie-Tril-lat operation were performed in 13 patients. Recurrent dislocation were 10 cases, habitual were 6 cases. Mean age was 26 years old(15~46) and male was 1 patient, female were 12 patients. We checked the Q angle and congruence angle to compare the postoperative state with the preoperative result by radiologic finding. Crosby and Insall's criteria was used to evaluate the clinical results. RESULTS: The congruence angle and Q angle were improved from average 46 degrees (10 degrees ~ 77 degrees) and 20.2 degrees(16 degrees ~35 degrees) in preoperative state to average -5 degrees (-10 degrees ~4 degrees) and 9.5 degrees(4 degrees~15 degrees) in postoperative state. Patella alta were 2 cases and patella baja was none in preoperative measurement. There was no change of patella alta in postoperative measurement. In Crosby and Insall 's criteria, 5 cases showed excellent, 10 cases good, l case poor result. At final follow-up, there were no postoperative complications such as degeneratve arthritis, nonunion, ROM limitation except 1 case of patellar redislocation. CONCLUSION: Modified Elmslie-Trillat operation is good alternatives to the recurrent and habitual patella dislocation.
Arthritis ; Dislocations* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Patella* ; Postoperative Complications