No abstract available.
Rickets, Hypophosphatemic*

Eosinophilic cystitis is a baffling rarity impossible to distinguish grossly from bladder tumor. It is characterized by vesical irritability, hematuria and eosinophilia. The etiology is unknown. Authors have found only 7 cases in the literature and present one case which was mimicking papillary carcinoma. Patient 35 years-old married man, was admitted to Seoul National University Hospital on March 13. 1967. with a one-week history of hematuria, urgency, frequency and dysuria. Physical examination was negative. Hemograms showed normal except eosinophilia of 10% to 16%. Urinalysis showed one plus proteinuria, many red cells and 5 to 6 white cells per high power field. An excretory urogram displayed essentially normal. At cystoscopy marked bullous edema on entire bladder wall and large polypoid lesion in anterior wall were noted. Punch biopsy was done and it revealed mild degree transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. He underwent bilateral cutaneoureteroetomy and cystectomy. The surgical specimen, however, showed no malignant lesion but diffuse eosinophilic cystitis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Cystitis* ; Cystoscopy ; Dysuria ; Edema ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Proteinuria ; Seoul ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

A 5 year-old girl was admitted to the hospital on April 18, 1967 to be investigated for genital anomalies such as greatly enlarged clitoris, sexual hair in axillae and on pubic region, acne on the face, and excessive somatic growth which were first noticed by her parents at the age of two(Figures 1 and 2). She measured 118 cm in height (normal, 96 cm), and 20kg in weight (normal, 11kg) and was very muscular (Fig. 2 and table 1). The enlarged clitoris measured 3 cm long and showed a groove on its ventral surface communicating with a small opening from the urogenital sinus. The urogenital sinus was persitted and the labia minora are small, but the labia majora are large and resemble an open scrotum. the two labio-scrotal folds were separated and contained no exteriorized gonads. Pubic and axillary hair were scanty but acne on the face was moderately developed (Fig. 3). Nuclear sexing was female type. Her blood pressure and strum electrolytes were normal. Her bone age was around 9 years of a girl. Cystogram and vaginogram were found to be normal (Figure 4,5 and 6). Three consecutive urinary 17-ketosteroid outputs per day were 9.0, 14.0 and 11.4 mg prior to treatment. On cortisone suppression test, the amount of it dropped from 14.0 to 3.7 mg, but it was not significantly suppressed on the third to seventh days of the test to a value below two-third of the pretest level (Fig. 7). Constructive operation of feminine external genitalia including vaginoplasty and clitoridectomy was performed following a vaginogram being taken under general anesthesia on April 28. 1967 (Fig. 8). Both adrenal glands were explored on May 16, 1967 by Young's bilateral approach under general anesthesia and they were found to be hyperplastic almost three times bigger than the normal size but no tumor man was seen. After having decided that both adrenals were in a condition of marked hyperplasia, outer halves of both adrenals were excised. The removed specimens measured 4.0X1.5X 0.5 cm in the right side and 3.5X2.0X0.4 cm in the left. Histological examination showed simple cortical hyperplasia of both adrenals, but the severity was more marked in left than in right (Fig. 9-A, B). Acne subsided and hirsutism decreased one month after the initiation of cortisone therapy in addition to the subtotal adrenal resection. Although it is too early to evaluate the ultimate value of long-term suppressive therapy, clinical results at this time are encouraging.
Acne Vulgaris ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenogenital Syndrome* ; Anesthesia, General ; Axilla ; Blood Pressure ; Child, Preschool ; Circumcision, Female ; Clitoris ; Cortisone ; Electrolytes ; Female ; Genitalia ; Gonads ; Hair ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Parents ; Scrotum

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to introduce the operational design of clinical skills training program and to evaluate the outcome of one-year experience in Gachon Medical School. METHODS: The School set up a clinical skills training center(laboratories) helping preclinical year-students being able to improve their clinical competences by using simulators and models prior to start their clerkship so that they can apply accurate and stable clinical technical skills to the patients. The program was divided into two parts; one for the communication and interviewing skills(M3) and the other for development of basic clinical skills(M4). For the latter, a total of 32 skill units with model items were selected from the minimum essential clinical skills requirements. The training course was conducted 3 weeks for 37 students of the fourth year medical school(M4) students in the second semester of 2001. Pass/Fail system with 2 credits was applied as a student evaluation. Both advantages and disadvantages of the program were analysed by questionnaires. RESULTS: Every students met the school requirement and passed the requirements mostly by the second trial within the two weeks duration following self-directed hard practice for every items. Of 37 students, 80% became confident on their final performance, and 72% agreed themselves being much enthusiastic compared to other courses. The visiting frequency to the center was over 2~3 times/day during the course, and their average staying hours/week were 20~30 hours. Students(78%) were satisfactory to the appropriativeness of faculty's instructional skills and their evaluation results. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the clinical skills training program is a useful tool not only to improve the essential technical skills prior to take their responsibilities of subinternship but also to motivate students' learning during the preclinical studies.
Clinical Competence* ; Education* ; Humans ; Learning ; Schools, Medical* ; Surveys and Questionnaires