Total 65 cases of general anesthesia for operation of congenital anornalies in neonates were performed in Dept. of Anesthesiology, Ewha Womans University Hospital from. January, 1970 to March, 1980. The followings are results of the clinical observations on 65 cases; l) In age and sex distribution of 65 cases, 50 cases(77%) were male and 15 cases(23%) female and the ratio of male to female was 3.3: 1. The 65 cases were divided into 3 age groups and 37 cases(57%) were under 10 day-old age. 2) Indicatians for operation of congenital anomalies were, in order of frequency, GI tract anomalies(62%), head and neck(15%) and abdominal wall anomalies(14%). Among the GI tract anomalies, imperforated anus was 20%, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 18% and congenital small bowel obstructoin anomaly 9%. 3) Of the total caaes, 86% (56 eases) had general anesthesia by means of endotracheal intubation with non-rebreathing system and 14% (9 cases) via mask with non-rebreathing system. 4) The primary agent of anesthetics were, in order of frequency, O2,-N2O-Halothane(60%), O2,-N2O(l8%) and O2,-Ether(7.7%). 5) The average amount of intravenous fluid administration was 30ml. 6) The average amount of blood loss and whole blood transfusion were 50 ml and 43 ml, respectively. 7) In birth order of 30 cases(46%) were first or second babies although authors couldn't be informed of the orders of siblings from medical records exactly. 3) Three cases had history of administration of sedatives or herb medicine or certain drugs for hepatic and renal diseases during their pregnancy. 9) Three cases(4. 6%) had associated anomalies, such as imperforated anus with vaginal cyst, imperforated anus with hydrocephalus and cleft lip or cleft palate with polydactylism.
Abdominal Wall ; Anal Canal ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesiology ; Anesthetics ; Birth Order ; Blood Transfusion ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Clinical Study* ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Head ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Masks ; Medical Records ; Polydactyly ; Pregnancy ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Sex Distribution ; Siblings

Total 220 cases of general and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section were performed in dept. of anesthesiology, Ewha Womans University Hospital from January to September 1977. The followings are results of the clinical observations on 220 case: 1) Indications for cesarean section were, in oder of frequency; C.P.D. (35%), malpresentation(15%), previous cesarean section(17.3%), fetal distress(9%), toxemia(4.1%) and abnormal placenta(3.6%). Of the total 220 cases, 30%(66 cases) had general anesthesia and 70%(154 cases) spinal anesthesia. 2) Blood pressure change during general anesthesia revealed a mild rising tendency while a slight dropping tendency was observed in spinal anesthesia. 3) Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were within normal range in majority except in abruptio placenta and placenta previa cases where low hemoglobin and hematocrit were observed. 4) The value of Apgar score was not significantly different between two groups of different anesthetic technique, general and spinal. 5) The interval time of induction to delivery was within 10 minutes in general anesthesia while over 15 minutes in spinal anesthesia. 6) During the operation, the amount of blood loss was less in non-halothane group of general anesthesia compared to halothane group. Among spinal anesthesia cases, the group of repeated cesarean section had more blood loss than primary casarean section group. 7) The consistency and quality of uterine contraction after delivery was not significantly different among general as well as spinal anesthesia groups. 8) The majority of the cases received 15 to 20 IU of pitocin for the postpartum uterine contraction during the period of the current study. 9) Of the total cases, 10.5%(23 cases) received whole blood transfusion during the operation. 10) The intravenous administration of 10 mg valium to the patients who got spinal anesthesia caused antegrade amnesia in 18. 8% (29 cases) of the patients.
Administration, Intravenous ; Amnesia ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthesiology ; Apgar Score ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Transfusion ; Cesarean Section ; Clinical Study* ; Diazepam ; Female ; Halothane ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Oxytocin ; Placenta ; Placenta Previa ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Uterine Contraction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of laughter therapy on arthralgia, ankylosis, depression and sleep of elderly housebound women suffering from osteoarthritis. METHODS: The study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 48 elderly women: 23 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. The experimental group received laughter therapy twice a week for 4 weeks. The results were analyzed by using chi2-test, ANCOVA, and t-test with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The results showed that laughter therapy had a significant statistical effective in reducing arthralgia, ankylosis, and depression and improving the quality of sleep as evidenced by the differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that laughter therapy is an effective nursing intervention reducing arthralgia, ankylosis, and depression and improving the quality of sleep in these women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop laughter therapy as an independent nursing intervention for elderly women with osteoarthritis who are housebound.
Aged* ; Ankylosis* ; Arthralgia* ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Laughter Therapy* ; Laughter* ; Nursing ; Osteoarthritis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to survey the health behaviors related to reproductive health, reproductive health history, and sexual behaviors of college students in local areas. METHOD: With a survey design, 792 college students from C and D areas were recruited to assess health behaviors such as smoking and alcohol drinking, as well as history of reproductive health and sexual behaviors. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from November to December, 2007. RESULT: Mean age of the students was 20.8(SD=1.96) and gender distribution was 29.2% for male and 70.8% for female. Unhealthy behaviors were alcohol drinking, smoking, excessive weight loss, and irregular exercise; unsafe sex practices were experience of sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners and history of sexually transmitted disease (STD). Male students had more alcohol drinking (p=.04), smoking(p<.001), excessive weight loss(p=.01), experience of sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners(p<.001), history of STD(p=.025) compared to females. On the other hands, female students participated in regular exercise less than males(p<.001). CONCLUSION: College students seem to perform unhealthy behaviors related to reproductive health and less effective way of safe sex practices. Therefore, a planned education program for reproductive health promotion operated by college level is needed to assess and improve the level of reproductive health in college students.
Alcohol Drinking ; Coitus ; Female ; Hand ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproductive Health ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Unsafe Sex ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a community-based cancer patient management program (CBPCMP) which was collaborated between a hospice center and public health centers. METHODS: The CBPCMP proceeded on four steps; 1) Signing agreements with three public health centers, 2) Enrolling the domiciliary terminal cancer patients, 3) Providing home hospice service, and 4) Inquiring patient's level of satisfaction. From February 1 to December 31 in 2009, 43 terminal cancer patients were referred and provided with home hospice service. The hospice team made a total of 605 visits. Medical records for each visit and data from satisfaction surveys were analyzed. RESULTS: 76.7% of patients were older than 60 years, and 90.7% of the patients were alert. The level of functional status for 76.7% of patients rated as lower than ECOG grade 1. 62.8% of the patients or their caregivers signed hospice service agreements. On the initial evaluation, the most frequent reasons for referral were general weakness (86.0%), followed by anorexia (72.1%). Nurses visited the patients' most frequently (371 visits), followed by volunteers (216 visits). Nurses provided emotional support and health promotion counseling on 95.1% and 22.9% of visits, respectively. The mean satisfaction score rated by patients and their family was 4.45 out of 5. CONCLUSION: This study tested CBPCMP in collaboration with hospice centers and public health centers. CBPCMP showed a possibility to improve the quality of end of life care. To insure the quality care, however, the guidelines for home hospice service should be developed.
Anorexia ; Caregivers ; Community Networks ; Cooperative Behavior ; Counseling ; Health Promotion ; Home Care Services ; Hospices ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Public Health ; Referral and Consultation ; Terminal Care

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to explore nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward pediatric palliative care (PPC) in Korea. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A total of 196 participants were recruited from the ELNEC-PPC course held in Seoul, Korea. All participants completed a 20-item survey questionnaire which assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC using a 7-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Nurses' knowledge of PPC correlated with their educational level and work experience in the pediatric unit and hospice care unit. The work experience in the pediatric unit, career length in PPC and completion of palliative education course made differences in the attitudes toward PPC. Married nurses scored significantly higher on the parental rights in determining palliative care service for their child, and nurses with master's degree or higher showed a higher level of understanding of and attitudes toward the differences between PPC and adult palliative care. CONCLUSION: The factors influencing nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC need be considered to develop a pediatric palliative training program.
Adult ; Child ; Education ; Hospice Care ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Korea ; Palliative Care* ; Parents ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disabilities and increasing dependence on others for daily life activities with consequent impact on patients' and caregivers' quality of life. The aim of this study was to elucidate the burden on primary caregivers of patients with PD, and identify related factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Seventy-six primary caregivers of PD patients in a neurology outpatient clinic, Seoul, Korea completed structured questionnaires, of which 68 were analyzed. The structured self-report questionnaire included (1) demographic information on the caregivers, (2) information regarding the disease characteristics of the patients, and (3) the subjective and objective caregiver burdens as assessed on Montgomery, Gonyea, & Hooyman's scale. RESULTS: The mean age of the caregivers was 54.56 years, and spouses represented the largest proportion(47.0%). Caregivers of PD patients experienced high levels of burden (mean scores on the subjective and objective burdens were 45.22 and 34.90, respectively), which were comparable to the caregiver burdens in stroke, and higher than the caregiver burdens in general chronic disease. Older caregivers and spousal caregivers experienced significantly higher burdens (p=.004 and p=.019, respectively). A greater motor disability and higher modified Hoehn and Yahr grade were related to higher caregiver burden (p=.001 and p=.018, respectively). CONCLUSION: Caring for PD patients is associated with a high level of caregiver burden. Therefore, healthcare professionals should identify the burden of caregivers who look after PD patients and develop comprehensive management strategies both for patients and their caregivers.
Adult ; Aged ; *Caregivers/psychology ; *Cost of Illness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Parkinson Disease ; *Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Resistant organisms are now a growing and frequent problem in community-acquired infections. There is little information on the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) at a tertiary-care hospital. METHODS: We evaluated the distribution of etiological organisms with their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of CA-UTI in the patients visiting a tertiary-care hospital during the period of three years from 2001 through 2003. RESULTS: In total, 1,753 bacterial isolates yielded a significant growth as pathogens of CA-UTI in this study. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (38.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.4%), coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) (5.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (5.2%). The prevalence of E. coli was significantly higher in females (P < 0.001), whereas P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, and S. aureus were significantly more common in male group (P < 0.001). The susceptibility rate of E. coli was 26.0% to ampicillin, 65.8% to gentamicin, 51.3% to co-trimoxazole, and 62.5% to ciprofloxacin. The susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae other than E. coli were different from those of E. coli. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase was detected in 7.9% of E. coli and 15.6% of K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a diversity of etiological organisms and a high rate of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials of CA-UTI in patients visiting a tertiary-care hospital.
Ampicillin ; beta-Lactamases ; Ciprofloxacin ; Coagulase ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Isoniazid is a first-line drug in the treatment of tuberculosis. A variety of adverse reactions of isoniazid have been reported. These include hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, skin rashes, neurologic disturbances and hematologic alterations. Among these, acute pancreatitis due to isoniazid is very rare. We report a case of acute pancreatitis due to isoniazid confirmed by rechallenge test with review of some literatures.
Exanthema ; Hepatitis ; Isoniazid* ; Pancreatitis* ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis

Apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Apo-1/Fas gene is one of the mediators of apoptosis in stroke. MvaI polymorphism is the first polymorphic marker identified in the Apo-1/Fas gene promoter, which was typed by PCR and followed by MvaI digestion and gel electrophoresis. DNA isolated from peripheral blood collected from 91 stroke patients and 103 healthy blood donors was used for genotypes of GG, GA and AA by sequence specific primer PCR. MvaI polymorphism was examined based on Fas gene promotor region by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The Fas-GG genotype was the least frequent in patients with stroke and healthy controls (P = 0.57). In normal Korean controls the MvaI polymorphism GA, AA and GG were 48.6%, 34.9% and 16.5%. In stroke patients were 56.2%, 29.6% and 14.2% respectively. And the allelic frequencies of MvaI*2 (G) allele were less frequent than MvaI*1 (A) allele in patients with stroke and healthy controls (P = 0.76). In normal Korean controls MvaI*1 (A) and MvaI*2 (G) alleles were 59.2% and 40.8%. In stroke patients were 57.6% and 42.4%, respectively. Our results, pending confirmation in a larger study, indicate that the Fas genotype may not appear to be a risk factor for stroke in Korean stroke patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD95/*genetics ; Cerebral Infarction/*genetics ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism (Genetics) ; *Promoter Regions (Genetics)