Experimental hydronephrosis was induced in rabbit by ureteral ligation, then deligation followed after certain experimental period as designed. Histopathological changes of the kidney and restoration of hydronephrosis were studied and the following results were obtained: 1. Ligation of the ureter for 3 days produced mild to moderate degrees of tubular dilatation. irregular proliferation and dilatation of small arterioles. Deligation initiates regeneration of the tubules at 1 week and almost normal histology returns by 3 weeks. 2. Ligation of the ureter for 5,7 and 14 days causes marked tubular dilatation, atrophy of the .cortex, and partial obliteration of the glomerulus. By 3 weeks after deligation, the tubules seem to partially regenerate but no significant histological changes were observed. 3. Ligation of the ureter for 21 to 60 days causes formation of scar, marked obliteration of the glomerulus and compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining glomerulus. No morphological restoration was observed by 3 weeks after deligation. 4. It seems that histological restoration starts at periglomerular tubules located closer to the cortex toward the medulla.
Arterioles ; Atrophy ; Cicatrix ; Dilatation ; Hydronephrosis* ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Regeneration ; Ureter*

Chronic prostatitis is very common urologic disease, but its symptomatology is varied and nondiagnostic. We have performed transrectal ultrasonography in 66 cases of patients who were impressed as chronic prostatitis based upon their symptoms and physical findings for the purpose of evaluating the role of transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.The results were summarized as follows;1. In microscopic findings of prostatic secretion, 20 cases(Group I ) showed W.B.C. less than 10/H.P.F and 16 cases(Group II ) showed W.B.C. more than 10/H.P.F. 2. The abnormal findings of transrectal sonography in chronic prostatitis were as follows; 1) Echolucent zones; 22 cases(39%) 2) Calcification; 37 cases( 56%). 3) Heterogeneous echo; 40 cases( 61%). 4) Capsular irregularity or thickening; 35 cases( 50%) 5) Periurethral zone irregularity, 28 cases(42%). 6) Echolucent 'halo' sign; 33 cases( 50%). 7) Seminal vesicle or ejaculatory duct abnormality; 18 cases(27%). 3. Among above findings, l), 2), 3), 4), 5) findings were more frequently detected in Group II than in Group I (p<0.05). 4. The combined detection rate of l), 2), 3), 4), 5) findings were statistically higher in Group II than in Group I (p<0.05). 5. High grade l), 2), 3), 4), 5) findings were more frequently detected in Group II than in Group I (p<0.05). Our results suggest that although transrectal ultrasonography is not diagnostic for chronic prostatitis, it may be an useful adjuvant diagnostic modality to laboratory studies in the evaluation of chronic prostatitis.
Diagnosis ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis* ; Seminal Vesicles ; Ultrasonography* ; Urologic Diseases

We reviewed 241 consecutive cases of pelvic fractures at the lnje Medical College Paik Hospital in Seoul during the period of 5 years from Jan., l98l to Dec., l985 to establish the relationship between the lower urinary tract injury and fractured pelvis. Of 241 patients with pelvic fractures 44(l8.3%) had lower urinary tract injury. The results were as follows: l. The pelvic fractures occurred most commonly in traffic accident as 62.7% and the age group ranging from 20 to 39 years old was 55.2% of patients with pelvic fracture. 2. Of 273 pelvic fractures in 241 patients unilateral pelvic rami fractures were 47.2%, bilateral pubic rami fractures were 23.1%, acetabular fractures, and Malgaigne fractures in orders of frequency. 3. The most common cause of lower urinary tract injuries associated with pelvic fractures was traffic accident (70.5%), and followed by direct blow, and fall-down in orders. 4. From the view of fracture patterns the lower urinary tract injuries associated with pelvic fractures occurred most commonly in unilateral pubic rami fractures (47.7%), and the ratio of lower urinary tract injuries following fracture patterns were 29.4% of Malgaigne fractures, 23.8% of bilateral pubic rami fractures, and 16.3% of unilateral pubic rami fractures. 5. Of 44 lower urinary tract injuries the urethra alone were injured in 63.6%, the bladder alone in 27.3%, and the bladder and urethra both in 9.1% of the cases. 6. All patients of lower urinary tract injuries associated with pelvic fractures had hematuria, either gross or microscopic, and 97.7% of these cases had gross hematuria.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acetabulum ; Adult ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Pelvis* ; Seoul ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract*

Vasectomy is the most popular method of birth control in Korea. Because of changing views about family life, increasing prevalence of divorce and remarriage, desire for more children, and fear of child death. a large number of men now. are requesting reversal or vasectomy. Between March 1987 and September 1991 we performed vasovasostomy using modified one-layer technique with optical loupe magnification in 58 patients who had underwent vasectomy for family planning. Of these 58 patients, 46 patients could be followed up. Rates of patency and pregnancy varied depending on the interval from vasectomy until its reversal. Patients whose vasectomies had been performed less than 5 years had a 95.0% patency rate and a pregnancy rate of 72.0%. Patients who had an obstructive interval of 5 to 10 years had a 85.7% patency rate and a pregnancy rate of 50.0%. Beyond 10 years, there was a 33.3% patency rate and a pregnancy rate of 0.0%. The overall success rate was 86.5% for patency and 58.7% for pregnancy. Since the modified one-layer vasovasostomy is easier, faster, and less expensive, this technique deserves further clinical experience and evaluation.
Child ; Contraception ; Divorce ; Family Planning Services ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Marriage ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prevalence ; Vasectomy ; Vasovasostomy

Sex hormones were administered to adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley inbred line) with in tact gonads and with castration to study their influences on the morghological changes and acid phosphatase activities of the prostate. 1. Testosterone administered to normal and castrated rats caused marked increase in the wel gets of the prostates, while both estrogen administration and castration brought marked de cline of the prostatic weight. 2. Testosterone administration caused marked proliferation of the prostate, such as cystic hyperplasia and epithelial flattening of the acini, while estradiol, atrophy of the prostate. Such atrophy was also observed in castrated rats, but with the administration of testosterone the prostate resumed normal histologic picture. 3. The activities of acid phosphatase were highly pronounced histochemically in the ventral lobe of the prostate. These activities were dependent on sex hormones: decrease by estrogen and increase by testosterone. In castrated animals, the activities of the enzyme were almost negligeble, but with treatment of testosterone those activities resumed normal levels. 4. Estrogen administered to normal rats caused marked atrophy of the testis; decrease in the weight of the gland, atrophy of the germinal epithelium and decreased spermatogenesis.
Acid Phosphatase* ; Adult ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Castration ; Epithelium ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Prostate* ; Rats* ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Testosterone

A comparative analysis was made in 115 cases of TUR and 38 cases of open surgery in benign prostatic hyperplasia from March 1982 to December 1988.The results were as follows: The mean duration of operation was 84 min in TUR and 112 min in open surgery. The mean weight of resected tissues was 15.9em in TUR and 34.8gm in open surgery. The number of patients who needed transfusion were 74 of 115 in TUR(64%) and 35 of 38 in open surgery. Mean periods of postoperative hopitalization wee 9.1 days in TUR and 15.3 days in open surgery. Intraoperative complications were massive bleeding(5.2%), perforation of prostatic capsule(2.6%), hyponatremia(0.9%) in TUR and massive bleeding( 10.5%) in open surgery. Postoperative complications were unable to void, bleeding, incontinence, epididymitis, pyelonephritis and urethral stricture in TUR and bleeding. incontinence, epididymitis, pyelonephritis, vesicocutaneous fistula and wound infection in open surgery. Total complication rate was 26.1% in TUR and 28.9% in open surgery.
Epididymitis ; Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Pyelonephritis ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urethral Stricture ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND: Mild iron deficiency anemia is known to be asymptomatic in most of the cases. In view of this, we studied response of the mild anemics to the maximal exercise loading test to learn whether or not they respond similarly to the normals. METHODS: The maximal exercise loading tests by Bruce's protocol were carried out in 22 female asymptomatic anemics with hemoglobin level of between 10.0gm/dL and less than 12.0gm/dL, and the results were compared with those of 44 non-anemic matched controls with mean hemoglobin level of 13.1gm/dL. The ages in both groups were in their 30's to 40's, and even the anemics were otherwise normal clinically and on various laboratory tests. RESULTS: There were no significant difference between two groups in VO2 max, HR max, VCO2 max and VE max and their derivatives including VT/VC and VE/MVV. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that in patients with mild iron deficiency anemia, the cardiorespiratory response to maximal exercise loading is not different from the normals, and suggest that oxygen transport to tissues is not affected even at maximal exercise. probably by adaptive compensatory mechanism.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Female ; Humans ; Oxygen