No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy of conical telescope outer crown with Co-Cr-Ti alloy(Dentitan) and to compare the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crowns using different pattern materials (plastic foil, casting wax, pattern resin). To evaluate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy, patterns with plastic foil were invested under three different liquid/powder ratio conditions using phosphate bonded investment (Univest-nonprecious): standard, 10% decreased and 10% increased. At each liquid/powder ratio condition, metal ring was lined with single or double layers of ceramic ring liner. The marginal discrepancy of outer crown at different investing conditions was measured by x 100 compact measuring microscope(STM5, Olympus, Japan). For measurement of the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crown using different pattern materials, the investing condition of 10% decreased liquid/powder ratio and double layers of ring liner was selected because this investing condition resulted in the best fit of outer crown. Marginal discrepancy was measured in the same way above and retention force on universal testing machine. Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The thickness of ring liner had more influence on the marginal discrepancy of outer crown than the liquid/powder ratio, and the acceptable marginal fitness could not be expected at the investing condition directed by investment manufacturer. 2. There were no differences in the marginal discrepancy of outer crown among three different pattern materials 00.05). 3. Casting wax showed the greatest retention force(1640g) of outer crown, followed by pattern resin(1110g), plastic foil(820g). However, there was no significant difference between plastic foil and pattern resin(p>0.05). 4. Plastic foil showed the least variation in marginal discrepancy and retention force.
Alloys* ; Ceramics ; Crowns* ; Investments ; Plastics ; Telescopes*

No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

Serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, 24-h RAIU and Thyroid antibodies were examined in 13 cases of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis who were diagnosed at the pediatric department of Yonsei University hospital during the period from 1978 to 1980. The results were as follows: 1. The age distribution was dispersed between 8 and 15 years of age and all the cases were female. 2. Common symptoms were Goiter, Poor Weight gain, fatigness, cold intolerance, lethargy, constipation and cold sweating. But in 5 cases(38%), there were no subjective symptoms. 3. The patients were classifed by their thyroid function state, as 1 case of hyperthroid group, 10 cases of euthyroid group, and 2 cases of hypothyroid group. 4. In the Euthyroid patients, Serum T3 concentration was 115-230ng/100ml)mean 167.4ng/100ml), T4 concentration 4.8-18.6microgram/100ml(mean 7.3 microgram/100ml) T3/T4 ratio 0.020-0.028(mean 0.024) and TSH was 37-60microU/ml(mean 49.5microU/ml). In the hyperthyroid patient, serum T3 concentration was 310ng/100ml. T4 concentration 14.9microgram/100ml, T3/T4 ratio 0.020 and TSH was 1.35microU/ml. 5. In 24-h RAIU, Euthyroid patients were in 2 cases of decreased state(15%), 2 cases of normal range (15~45%), and 6 cases of increased state(45%). All Hypothyroid patients were in normal range and hyperthyroid patient was in increased state. 6. Thyroglobulin antibody was positive in all the patients except 2 cases and microsomal antibody was positive in all the cases. 7.1 year of follow up study was performed in 4 cases of euthyroid patients, 1 case of hyperthroid patient, and 2 cases of hypothroid patients. There was no euthyroid patient who became hypothyroid state in the follow up study.
Age Distribution ; Antibodies ; Constipation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goiter ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Lethargy ; Reference Values ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis* ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: In order to expand and improve community-based medical education (CBME), we attempted to delineate the characters of the primary care physicians interested in medical education and their opinions on the new medical teaching method for ambulatory care settings, Wave model. METHODS: Through mailed questionnaires, we asked the Seoul members of the family physician association and the internal medicine physician association about their interest and opinions of CBME and the Wave model. RESULTS: We received 186 replies from the total 1088 questionnaires (17.1%) sent out. Many of the primary care physicians (141/186; 75.8%) had no experience with CBME. However, 127 (68.7%) were interested in CBME and 121 (65.4%) answered that they were interested in teaching students in their clinic. There were 128 (69.2%) affirmative responses to the Wave model, which was much higher than that to the observation-centered method, 53 (30.3%) (p < 0.0001). Primary care physicians who have affirmative attitudes to adopting the Wave model would select this model as their CBME program (p < 0.0001). Primary care physicians willing to teach students tend to be males (p=0.0085) and younger in age (p=0.0003), have examination rooms for student-patient contact (p < 0.0001), and possess positive attitude to adopting the Wave model (p= 0.0018). CONCLUSION: There are many primary care physicians eager to participate in CBME. They view the Wave model as an effective teaching method. Factors associated with the desire to work as a preceptor include being male and younger in age. having examination rooms for student-patient contact, and possessing a positive attitude to adopting the Wave model.
Ambulatory Care* ; Community Health Services ; Education, Medical* ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Physicians, Family ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Postal Service ; Primary Health Care* ; Seoul ; Teaching* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Due to the irreversible nature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the treatment aim in patients with COPD is not to cure but to reduce the symptoms, increase lung function, and improve the quality of life. It has been suggested that depression is a common emotional disturbance in patients with COPD who are faced with a major physical impairment and embarrassing symptoms. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 59 patients with a registered diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected. Depression was assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The quality of life was assessed using the Korean version of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 17.0%. In the correlation model, the interaction of the FEV1% over predicted value and SGRQ score(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) was statistically significant. The interaction of the FEV1% over predicted value and depression scale(CES-D) was also statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the SGRQ scores(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) and the depression scale. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is relatively high. The pulmonary function and the living standards were found to be significant risk factors for depression.
Affective Symptoms ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: For conservative treatment of shaft fractures, the butterfly fragments that were somewhat larger in the closed intra-medullary (IM) nailing. The results of treatment were monitored using radiography separately for the weight-bearing femur and non-weight-bearing humerus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 27 from Group I and 31 from Group II. In the two groups, the displacement and angulation changes in the fragments, and the degree of improvement of these two factors, were compared using follow-up radiography. RESULTS: The mean angulation of fragments in Groups I and II were 9.2degrees and 9.6degrees, and the mean degree of displacement of the fragments in Groups I and II were 16.7 mm and 21.2 mm, respectively. Follow-up radiography showed that the above factors improved in both groups. The degree of displacement was significantly lower in the normal cases than in the complicated cases (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Displacement and angulation gradually improved in both groups. It was found that the degree of displacement after the initial reduction is more important than the influence of anatomical position or weight bearing. This indicates that care should be taken when inserting IM nails to prevent displacement or angulation.
Butterflies ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Extremities ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Nails ; Weight-Bearing

BACKGROUND: Among the various signs and symptoms of orbital fractures, certain clinical findings warrant immediate surgical exploration, including gaze restriction, computed tomographic (CT) evidence of entrapment, and prolonged oculocardiac reflex. Despite proper surgical reconstruction, prolonged complications such as diplopia and gaze restriction can occur. This article evaluated the prognostic factors associated with prolonged complications of orbital fractures with muscle incarceration. METHODS: The medical records of 37 patients (37 orbits) with an orbital fracture with muscle incarceration from January 2001 to January 2015 were reviewed. The presence of Incarcerated muscle was confirmed via CT, as well as by intraoperative findings. Various factors potentially contributing to complications lasting for over 1 year after the injury were categorized and analyzed, including age, cause of injury, injury-to-operation time, operative time, fracture type, nausea, vomiting and other concomitant symptoms and injuries. RESULTS: All patients who presented with extraocular muscle limitations, positive CT findings, and/or a positive forced duction test underwent surgery. Of the 37 patients, 9 (24%) exhibited lasting complications, such as diplopia and gaze restriction. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 months (range, 1–108 months), while that of patients who experienced prolonged complications was 30.1 months (range, 13–36 months). Two factors were significantly associated with prolonged complications: injury-to-operation time and nausea/vomiting. Loss of vision, worsening of motility, and implant complication did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who present with gaze limitations, with or without other signs of a blow-out fracture, require a thorough evaluation and emergent surgery. A better prognosis is expected with a shorter injury-to-operation time and lack of nausea and vomiting at the initial presentation.
Diplopia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nausea ; Operative Time ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Prognosis ; Reflex, Oculocardiac ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Among the various signs and symptoms of orbital fractures, certain clinical findings warrant immediate surgical exploration, including gaze restriction, computed tomographic (CT) evidence of entrapment, and prolonged oculocardiac reflex. Despite proper surgical reconstruction, prolonged complications such as diplopia and gaze restriction can occur. This article evaluated the prognostic factors associated with prolonged complications of orbital fractures with muscle incarceration. METHODS: The medical records of 37 patients (37 orbits) with an orbital fracture with muscle incarceration from January 2001 to January 2015 were reviewed. The presence of Incarcerated muscle was confirmed via CT, as well as by intraoperative findings. Various factors potentially contributing to complications lasting for over 1 year after the injury were categorized and analyzed, including age, cause of injury, injury-to-operation time, operative time, fracture type, nausea, vomiting and other concomitant symptoms and injuries. RESULTS: All patients who presented with extraocular muscle limitations, positive CT findings, and/or a positive forced duction test underwent surgery. Of the 37 patients, 9 (24%) exhibited lasting complications, such as diplopia and gaze restriction. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 months (range, 1–108 months), while that of patients who experienced prolonged complications was 30.1 months (range, 13–36 months). Two factors were significantly associated with prolonged complications: injury-to-operation time and nausea/vomiting. Loss of vision, worsening of motility, and implant complication did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who present with gaze limitations, with or without other signs of a blow-out fracture, require a thorough evaluation and emergent surgery. A better prognosis is expected with a shorter injury-to-operation time and lack of nausea and vomiting at the initial presentation.
Diplopia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nausea ; Operative Time ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Prognosis ; Reflex, Oculocardiac ; Vomiting