Objective: To examine the effects of parental rearing style and its consistency on sleep problems of preschool children and to provide theoretical basis for making early family intervention measures. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 744 children and their parents in 19 kindergartens in Anqing city. Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) was used to investigate the rearing style of parents, and Chinese version of Children s Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate the incidence of sleep among preschoolers. Results: Preschool children s overall rate of sleep disorder was 15.5%, and accompanied by sleep duration disorder (70.0%), sleep resistance (64.2%), sleep latency (38.7%), anxiety (15.5%), daytime sleepiness ( 10.1 %). Living in urban areas, parents smoking and drinking behaviors, and parents parenting style all affected preschoolers sleep ( P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children s sleep problems such as delayed sleep impedance and short sleep duration, while mothers active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children s sleep problems such as sleep resistance and night wake up ( P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between father s severe rearing style and preschoolers sleep resistance, sleep duration, short sleep disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems, and mother s severe rearing style and preschoolers sleep duration, short sleep anxiety, night wakefulness, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems ( P <0.05). Consistent rate of negative rearing patterns was a risk factor for short sleep duration in preschoolers ( OR =2.19，95% CI =1.12-4.28， P =0.02). Conclusion The detection rate of sleep problems in preschoolers is high. Parental supportive involvement has a positive effect on preschoolers sleep, while parental coercion hostile parenting has a negative effect on preschoolers sleep. The consistent rate of rearing styles affects the sleep duration of preschoolers.

Objective To examine whether sleep problems are related to both emotional and behavioral problems in children aged 3-6 years.Methods A large cross-sectional study was conducted in Anqing,Wuhu,Tongling and Yangzhou from March to June 2015.A total of 8 900 preschool aged children were included.Sleep problems were obtained by using adapted BISQ completed by the parents or the people who took care of children.Emotional and behavioral problems of the children were accessed by using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ),and multivariate logistic regression model was used for statistical analyses.Results The detected rates of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactivity problems,peer problems,total difficulties and prosocial behavior in preschool aged children were 9.0％,13.9％,18.9％,25.5％,13.6％ and 16.2％ respectively.All the detected rates were higher in boys than in girls except the higher rate of emotional symptoms.The proportions of children with high sleep quality,moderate sleep quality and poor or worse sleep quality were 3.9％,52.9％ and 43.2％ respectively.After controlling the confounding factors of demographic variables,including gender,age,delivery mode,birth weight,birth height and patent' s educational level,multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactivity problems,peer problems,total difficulties and prosocial behavior in children with longer sleep duration was lower than that in children with shorter sleep duration,the ORs were 0.86 (95％CI:0.77-0.95),0.85 (95％CI:0.78-0.93),0.85 (95％CI:0.79-0.92),0.87(95％CI:0.81-0.93),0.83 (95％CI:0.76-0.91) and 0.82 (95％CI:0.76-0.89) respectively.Compared with the children with good sleep quality,the risk of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactivity problems,peer problems,total difficulties and prosocial behavior were higher in children with poor or worse sleep quality,the ORs were 3.26 (95％CI:2.40-4.42),2.86 (95％CI:2.16-3.78),2.60 (95％ CI:2.00-3.38),1.96 (95％ CI:1.52-2.54),4.02 (95％ CI:3.06-5.27) and 2.56 (95％ CI:1.96-3.35) respectively.Conclusion There was a negative impact of shorter sleep and poor or worse sleep on emotional and behavioral problems of preschool aged children.