No abstract available.
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Humans ; Pilot Projects* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a disease of unknown etiology in which multiple organs are damaged by pathogenic autoantibodies and immune complexes. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in SLE were first described by Kaposi in 1872. These are so diverse that they include psychosis, depression, stroke, seizure and cognitive dysfunction etc. These patients are frequently consulted for psychiatric evaluation. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in SLE are also among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and associated with poor long-term outcome. So it is essential to recognize and intervene these symptoms early. But the clear diagnostic criteria for CNS involvement in SLE have not been formulated, and diversity and fluctuation of illness make it difficult to confirm it. The authors reported three cases of SLE with severe neuropsychiatric manifestations. These patients showed symptoms such as disorientation, auditory and visual hallucibation, delusion and mood instability. They became frequently impulsive and violent and had risks to injure themselves or others. Although CNS involvement in SLE is not well known, we reviewed the pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, clinical manifestation and treatment of them.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Autoantibodies ; Classification ; Delusions ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Mortality ; Psychotic Disorders ; Seizures ; Stroke

OBJECTIVES: This study was done to compare the proportion of the CYP2D6*10 allele between previously reported data of normal Korean subjects and schizophrenic patients. And we investigated the relationship between the CYP2D6*10 allele and the clinical variables such as age of onset, duration of illness and psychopathology. METHODS: Total 82 DSM-IV Korean schizophrenic patients in monotherapy with risperidone participated in this study. The CYP2D6*10 allele which contains C188T mutation in exon 1 was identified by allele specific PCR amplification. We investigated the clinical variables such as age of onset and duration of illness through chart review. The baseline psychopathology with brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) before blood collection were done in clinically stable patients. RESULTS: Seventeen (20.7%) out of 82 patients were homozygous for CYP2D6*1, 22 (26.8%) for *10, while the remaining 43 patients (52.4%) were heterozygous for these alleles. These distributions were very similar with previously reported data of Korean normal subjects. There was no significant relationship between the CYP2D6*10 allele and the clinical variables such as age of onset, duration of illness and psychopathology. CONCLUSION: In Korean schizophrenic patients, there was no significant difference in CYP2D6*10 allele compared to normal Korean subjects.
Age of Onset ; Alleles ; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Exons ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Psychopathology ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to access the cost-effectiveness of risperidone or olanzapine in a subset of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Two schizophrenia patient groups who were with risperidone(n=17) or olanzapine(n=20) were compared with each other in total medical cost, average daily cost of antipsychotics, discharge rate, drop-out rate, readmission rate and extropyramidal side effect(EPS). RESULTS: The average daily costs of risperidone and olanzapine treated groups were \9,778 and \9,536 in admission, and \2,219 and \5,118 in patients one year after discharge respectively. Risperidone group showed higher rate of EPS than olanzapine group. There was no significant difference in discharge or drop-out rate. CONCLUSIONS: Olanzapine group had higher total daily medical cost and daily medication cost, while risperidone group showed higher readmission and EPS rate.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Risperidone* ; Schizophrenia

Congenital laryngeal atresia is a rare cause of airway obstruction that is almost always lethal within a few minutes after birth. Therefore congenital laryngeal atresia should be diagnosed in the prenatal period. If not, it should be considered in newborn infant with life-threatening symptoms at birth such as cyanosis and dyspnea that need emergent procedures like a tracheotomy. We report a case of congenital laryngeal atresia with single umbilical artery diagnosed in a one-day-old neonate who required a tracheotomy and ventilator care after intubation failure.
Airway Obstruction ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Parturition ; Single Umbilical Artery* ; Tracheotomy* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the liver. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a drug-metabolizing enzyme that is responsible for many important drug metabolism reactions. Recently, the US FDA and EU EMA have suggested that CYP enzyme induction can be measured by both enzymatic activity and mRNA expression. However, these experiments are time-consuming and their inter-assay variability can lead to misinterpretations of the results. To resolve these problems and establish a more powerful method to measure CYP induction, we determined CYP induction by using luminescent assay. Luminescent CYP assays link CYP enzyme activity to firefly luciferase luminescence technology. In this study, we measured the induction of CYP isozymes (1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 3A4) in cryopreserved human hepatocytes (HMC424, 478, and 493) using a luminometer. We then examined the potential induction abilities (unknown so far) of mesalazine, a drug for colitis, and mosapride citrate, which is used as an antispasmodic drug. The results showed that mesalazine promotes CYP2B6 and 3A4 activities, while mosapride citrate promotes CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4 activities. Luminescent CYP assays offer rapid and safe advantages over LC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR methods. Furthermore, luminescent CYP assays decrease the interference between the optical properties of the test compound and the CYP substrates. Therefore, luminescent CYP assays are less labor intensive, rapid, and can be used as robust tools for high-throughput CYP screening during early drug discovery.
Citric Acid* ; Colitis ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System* ; Cytochromes* ; Drug Discovery ; Enzyme Induction* ; Fireflies ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Isoenzymes ; Liver ; Luciferases ; Luminescence ; Luminescent Measurements* ; Mass Screening ; Mesalamine* ; Metabolism ; RNA, Messenger

Sibutramine is an anorectic that has been banned since 2010 due to cardiovascular safety issues. However, counterfeit drugs or slimming products that include sibutramine are still available in the market. It has been reported that illegal sibutramine-contained pharmaceutical products induce cardiovascular crisis. However, the mechanism underlying sibutramine-induced cardiovascular adverse effect has not been fully evaluated yet. In this study, we performed cardiovascular safety pharmacology studies of sibutramine systemically using by hERG channel inhibition, action potential duration, and telemetry assays. Sibutramine inhibited hERG channel current of HEK293 cells with an IC50 of 3.92 muM in patch clamp assay and increased the heart rate and blood pressure (76 Deltabpm in heart rate and 51 DeltammHg in blood pressure) in beagle dogs at a dose of 30 mg/kg (per oral), while it shortened action potential duration (at 10 muM and 30 muM, resulted in 15% and 29% decreases in APD50, and 9% and 17% decreases in APD90, respectively) in the Purkinje fibers of rabbits and had no effects on the QTc interval in beagle dogs. These results suggest that sibutramine has a considerable adverse effect on the cardiovascular system and may contribute to accurate drug safety regulation.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Counterfeit Drugs ; Dogs ; Heart Rate ; HEK293 Cells ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Pharmacology* ; Purkinje Fibers ; Rabbits ; Telemetry

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to identify microsatellite instability (MSI), the test based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used. However, PCR is not routinely performed in all hospital laboratories. Recently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MLH1 and MSH2 proteins has been reported as a rapid and useful method for MSI. However, the efficacy of IHC in the detection of the MSI has not been well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of IHC in the detection of the MSI by comparing it with the test results using PCR in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Paraffin-embedded normal and tumor tissues from seventy-five patients who underwent surgical resection of CRC were used. Abnormal expression of MLH1 and MSH2 protein was determined by IHC using MLH1 and MSH2 antibodies. Normal and tumor DNAs were obtained from thirty CRC tissues that showed abnormal expression of MLH1 and MSH2 proteins by IHC. The MSI status was confirmed by PCR using five markers. RESULTS: Thirty tumors showed abnormal expression of MLH1 and MSH2 proteins by IHC, but only three tumors out of them were confirmed to have MSI by PCR. CONCLUSIONS: This result suggests that IHC with MLH1 and MSH2 antibodies does not seem to be a useful method to identify MSI in CRC, therefore PCR is required for detection of the MSI.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; *Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*analysis

This study attempted to calculate and investigate the incidence of hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke in Korea. Using the National Health Insurance claim data, we investigated patients whose main diagnostic codes included AMI or stroke during 2006 to 2010. As a result, we found out that the number of AMI hospitalized patients had decreased since 2006 and amounted to 15,893 in 2010; and that the number of those with stroke had decreased since 2006 and amounted to 73,501 in 2010. The age-standardized incidence rate of hospitalized AMI, after adjustment for readmission, was 41.6 cases per 100,000-population in 2006, and had decreased to 29.4 cases in 2010 (for trend P < 0.001). In the case of stroke was estimated at 172.8 cases per 100,000-population in 2006, and had decreased to 135.1 cases in 2010 (for trend P < 0.001). In conclusion, the age-standardized incidence rates of both hospitalized AMI and stroke in Korea had decreased continuously during 2006 to 2010. We consider this decreasing trend due to the active use of pharmaceuticals, early vascular intervention, and the national cardio-cerebrovascular disease care project as the primary and secondary prevention efforts.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hospitalization/*trends ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/*epidemiology ; Patient Readmission ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Stroke/*epidemiology ; Young Adult