1.Health risk assessment of dietary lead exposure among children in Jiading District
DONG Yuting ; PENG Hui ; WANG Xiaohui ; CHENG Renjie ; WANG Hexing
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024;36(10):893-896
Objective:
To investigate the dietary lead exposure level among children aged 3 to 4 years in Jiading District, Shanghai Municipality, and assess the health risk caused by lead exposure, so as to provide the basis for the management of children's food safety.
Methods:
Based on the 2023 Dietary and Health Status Surveillance Project in Jiading District, children aged 3 to 4 years from 12 streets (townships) in Jiading District were selected as the subjects using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. The consumption frequency and daily intake of seven subcategories of four major food groups (beans, tofu), cereals (wheat, rice), meat (animal viscera), and aquatic products (mantis shrimps, bivalves) consumed by children over the past three months were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Food samples were collected according to the food safety risk monitoring plan in Jiading District, and the lead content was detected. The health risks of dietary lead exposure among 3-4-year-old children were quantitatively assessed using the single-factor pollution index method, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, and the margin of safety (MOS) method.
Results:
A total of 143 3-4-year-old children were surveyed, including 69 boys (48.25%) and 74 girls (51.75%). A total of 317 food samples were tested, and lead was detected in all seven subcategories of food samples, with an overall detection rate of 77.29%. The detection rates of lead in bivalves and mantis shrimps of aquatic products were relatively high (98.75% and 100.00%, respectively). The mean lead content of various foods ranged from 0.003 4 to 0.090 7, with the highest level found in bivalves. The lead content of all food samples did not exceed the standard. The single-factor pollution index of seven subcategories ranged from 0.017 2 to 0.148 0, and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index ranged from 0.116 5 to 0.424 4, both of which were less than 0.7. The MOS (mean) ranged from 0.000 3 to 0.003 9, with an overall MOS (mean) of 0.012 2. The MOS (P95) ranged from 0.005 7 to 0.055 9, with an overall MOS (P95) of 0.112 4, both of which were less than 1.
Conclusions
The lead pollution level in the diet among children aged 3 to 4 years in Jiading District is safe and clean, with an acceptable impact on food safety. However, the detection rate of lead is relatively high, and the main source of dietary lead exposure is aquatic products.
2.Expression of TRPM7 protein in cholangiocarcinoma and its correlation with prognosis
Li LI ; Yuwen CAO ; Hexing WU ; Qikun WANG ; Xiao CHU ; Lin YANG ; Jingxia TANG ; Xinyu PENG ; Shijie ZHANG ; Hongqiang YANG
Chongqing Medicine 2015;(25):3523-3525,3528
Objective To evaluate the expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 7(TRPM7)in cholangiocarcinoma and its correlation with prognosis.Methods The expressions of TRPM7 were detected by SP immunohistochemical in 49 cases of cholangiocarcinoma,7 cases of benign bile duct lesions and 36 cases of adjacent histologically noncancerous bile duct tissues,and to analysis its relationship with the clinical pathological characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma.Results The positive expression rate of TRPM7 in cholangiocarcinoma was 77.6%(38/49),which was higher than that in benign bile duct lesions(0,0/7)and adjacent his-tologically noncancerous bile duct tissues(2.8%,1/36),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).The positive expres-sion of TRPM7 in cholangiocarcinoma was correlated with the TNM stage of tumor,lymph node metastasis and organ metastasis (P <0.05),but not related to patients′age,gender,site,differentiation and hepatitis(P >0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased expression of TRPM7 was associated with shorted overall survival (P <0.05).Cox regression analysis showed that the expression level of TRPM7 was significantly associated with prognosis and an independent risk factor for prognosis(P <0.05 ). Conclusion TRPM7 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis progression,invasion,and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma,and is an important factor for prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
3.Temporal trend of antibiotic use among primary school children in Shanghai, 2017-2020
Yuanping WANG ; Chuanxi TANG ; Minghui HAN ; Hongji FANG ; Jingui WU ; Chaowei FU ; Hexing WANG ; Qingwu JIANG
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;56(6):843-846
To investigate the temporal trend of antibiotic use among children in Shanghai from 2017 to 2020. The stratified cluster sampling method was used to establish a dynamic cohort of healthy children based on primary schools in Changning District, Shanghai. In the cohort, there were 282 children from 2017, 287 children from 2018, 294 from 2019 and 301 from 2020. A total of 700 children aged 7-11 years were included in the study. The basic information and antibiotic use of children were investigated by questionnaire every year, and their height and weight were measured at the same time. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of antibiotic use rate in each year and generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the temporal trend of antibiotic use. The results showed that the use rates of all antibiotics, cephalosporins, azithromycin and other antibiotics (including penicillin, lincomycin, quinolones, etc.) of children between 2017 and 2020 were 15.6%, 10.5%, 2.7%, and 2.4%, respectively. In 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020, there were significant differences for the use rates of total antibiotics and other antibiotics in children ( P=0.033, P=0.040), and there were no significant differences for the use rates of cephalosporins and azithromycin ( P=0.274, P=0.455). After adjusting for children′s basic characteristics, the generalized estimation equation showed that the annual use rate of all antibiotics, cephalosporins, and other antibiotics decreased over time.
4.Temporal trend of antibiotic use among primary school children in Shanghai, 2017-2020
Yuanping WANG ; Chuanxi TANG ; Minghui HAN ; Hongji FANG ; Jingui WU ; Chaowei FU ; Hexing WANG ; Qingwu JIANG
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;56(6):843-846
To investigate the temporal trend of antibiotic use among children in Shanghai from 2017 to 2020. The stratified cluster sampling method was used to establish a dynamic cohort of healthy children based on primary schools in Changning District, Shanghai. In the cohort, there were 282 children from 2017, 287 children from 2018, 294 from 2019 and 301 from 2020. A total of 700 children aged 7-11 years were included in the study. The basic information and antibiotic use of children were investigated by questionnaire every year, and their height and weight were measured at the same time. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of antibiotic use rate in each year and generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the temporal trend of antibiotic use. The results showed that the use rates of all antibiotics, cephalosporins, azithromycin and other antibiotics (including penicillin, lincomycin, quinolones, etc.) of children between 2017 and 2020 were 15.6%, 10.5%, 2.7%, and 2.4%, respectively. In 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020, there were significant differences for the use rates of total antibiotics and other antibiotics in children ( P=0.033, P=0.040), and there were no significant differences for the use rates of cephalosporins and azithromycin ( P=0.274, P=0.455). After adjusting for children′s basic characteristics, the generalized estimation equation showed that the annual use rate of all antibiotics, cephalosporins, and other antibiotics decreased over time.
5.Alteration on household salt consumption status and urinary iodine concentration of a primary school children in Shanghai, 2012-2014.
Pu LIU ; Na WANG ; Hong FANG ; Hexing WANG ; Yujie YAN ; Chaowei FU ; Huilin XU ; Feng JIANG ; Ying ZHOU ; Qi ZHAO ; Yaoping ZHAO ; Qingwu JIANG
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016;50(3):282-284
6.Effect of exposure to typical phthalate esters on estrogen homeostasis during pregnancy
Linying WU ; Zichen YANG ; Dongliang XUAN ; Yuanping WANG ; Jing TIAN ; Yi WANG ; Minghui HAN ; Hexing WANG ; Qian PENG ; Qingwu JIANG
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;34(7):623-628
ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the exposure to two kinds of phthalate esters (PAEs) [Di-N-butyl phthalate,(DBP) and Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)] and estrogen homeostasis in pregnant women. MethodsIn 2021, we classified the Jiading District of Shanghai into five geographical areas, east, west, south, north and central. A total of 151 pregnant women from each area were selected for questionnaire survey, with random urine samples during first, second, and third trimesters collected. A DBP metabolite [Mono-N-butyl phthalate (MBP)] and two DEHP metabolites [Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), Mono(2-ethyl5-oxohexyl) phthalate, (MEOHP)] and three estrogens [estrone (E1), 17β -estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3)] in urine were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After a natural logarithmic transformation of PAEs metabolite levels and estrogen concentration, multivariable linear regression was used to control potential confounders and determine the relationship between PAEs metabolite levels and estrogen concentration. ResultsThe detection rates of three PAEs metabolites in urine of pregnant women were more than 98%. The median corrected concentrations of MBP, MEHP and MEOHP were 5.18, 0.59 and 4.23 mg·kg-1, respectively. During the whole pregnancy, MEOHP was positively correlated with E1 (β=0.450, 95%CI: 0.057‒0.844), and MBP was positively correlated with E3 (β=0.250, 95%CI: 0.034‒0.465). Stratified by trimesters, MBP was positively correlated with E3 in the first trimester (β=0.428, 95%CI: 0.103‒0.752). MEOHP was positively correlated with E1 in the second trimester (β=0.734, 95%CI: 0.130‒0.752), and had a possitive trend with E1 in the third trimester (β=0.744, 95%CI: -0.140‒1.629). In addition, MEHP had a negative correlation with E1 in the second trimester (β=-0.498, 95%CI: -1.063‒0.066). MEOHP had a positive correlation trend with E2 (β=0.628, 95%CI: -0.101‒1.356) in the third trimester. ConclusionPAEs exposure may interfere with estrogen homeostasis during pregnancy and differs by trimesters. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, it warrants further study to validate the findings.