No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Tuberculosis, Spinal*

The goals of medical treatment for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) are to control hormone-related symptoms and to prolong overall survival. Somatostatin analogues have been used for decreasing the secretion of peptides and relieving symptoms. Recent studies showed that these agents also have an anti-tumor effect and could prolong the survival of patients with advanced PNET. For well-differentiated PNET, streptozocin-based combination chemotherapy has been used for a long time and recent several studies showed survival benefit of targeted agents including angiogenesis inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor. For poorly-differentiated tumors, the number of clinical studies is very limited and the combination of etoposide and cisplatin is widely used. Based on the recent progress in the understanding of tumor biology, newer targeted agents are tested and some of these agents showed promising activity.
Biology ; Cisplatin ; Consensus ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Etoposide ; Humans ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Pancreas ; Peptides ; Somatostatin

Authors have anthropologically measured the human skeleton from a Dugmoe Tomb of the technopolis of Kwang-ju city. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The human skeleton was thought to be constructed at the beginning of the period of the Chosun, judging from the Dugmoe Tomb. 2. It is female and its stature is estimated as about 163-165cm. The age of the skeleton is estimated to be late 50. 3. The cranial index is 77.09mm and the type is mesocephaly. 4. The cranial length-height index and the cranial breadth-height index were hypsicrane and acrocephaly. 5. The orbital index 95.0mm and the type is hypsiconch. 6. The humerus is comparatively long, slender and has more rounded diaphysis. 7. The femur is similar that of present day, and the type is platyer. 8. The abrasion of the occlusal surface of the teeth was 2.5 point.
Craniosynostoses ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Femur ; Gwangju* ; Humans* ; Humerus ; Orbit ; Skeleton* ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of functional MR imaging (fMRI) with a 1.0 T scanner, fMRI of normal cerebral motor cortex at 1.0 T was compared with that at 1.5 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FMRI of bilateral cerebral motor cortices (left, seven; right, six) was performed in seven healthy male volunteers aged 26-34 (mean 29) years, with BOLD contrast at both 1.0 T and 1.5 T units (Siemens MR scannners). Using both these systems, two-dimensional (2D) FLASH images were obtained with TR/TE of 90/56, flip angle of 40degrees, matrix size 128*128, slice thickness of 5 mm, and FOV 23 cm. A sequence consisting of five-image-off phase (rest phase) followed by five-image-on phase (activation with finger movement) was repeated four times without pause at a single plane. The same study was performed for the contralateral motor cortex in each volunteer. Using the z-test, activation images were obtained for the signal difference between on- and off-phases (p < 0.05) and were then superimposed on 2D FLASH anatomic images at the same plane. Percentage changes of signal intensities (PCSIs) and numbers of activated pixels were compared, using the non-parametric t-test, and periodicity of signal changes was compared, using the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test. RESULTS: Mean PCSIs at 1.5 T and 1.0 T in the left motor cortex were 3.13 +/-1.20% and 1.43 +/- 0.56%, respectively (p = 0.009), and in the right, 1.78 +/- 0.95% and 1.34 +/- 0.28%, respectively (p = 0.32). The mean number of activated pixels at 1.5 T and 1.0 T in the left cortex was 21.14 +/- 10.67 and 19.86 +/- 11.36, respectively (p = 0.83), and in the right, 22.5 +/- 6.47 and 16.8 +/- 8.47, respectively (p= 0.22). At 1.5 T, periodicity of signal changes was seen in the left cortex in six of seven volunteers, and in the right cortex, in four of six. At 1.0T, all showed periodicity (left : p = 0.32 ; right : p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: PCSIs in the dominant hemispheres were significantly higher at 1.5 T, but no other indicators showed significant differences between 1.0 T and 1.5 T. Acceptable fMRI can therefore be carried out with a 1.0 T field strength scanner.
Fingers ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Motor Cortex* ; Periodicity ; Volunteers

Sclerosing polycyctic adenosis (SPA) is a rare lesion of unknown etiology morphologically resembling fibrocystic changes of the breast. To date, approximately 41 cases of SPA have been reported. Most cases of SPA have originated in the parotid and submandibular glands, with a few cases of intra-oral minor salivary gland origin. This is the first reported case of sclerosing polycystic adenosis of nasal minor salivary gland origin. The differential diagnosis of SPA includes polycystic disease, sclerosing sialadenitis, and benign and malignant glandular neoplasias. Although atypia ranging from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ can occur in some cases, SPA has a favorable outcome. It is important to be familiar with SPA to avoid aggresive treatment that results from a misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 49-year-old man who had 1-year history of right nasal obstruction.
Breast ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Septum ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sialadenitis ; Submandibular Gland

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to obtain objective and standardized information on masticatory function and patient satisfaction following second molar single implant therapy. METHODS: Twenty adult patients, who had restored second molar single implants more than 1 month before the study, were enrolled in this study. All patients received a chewing test using peanuts before and after insertion of the implant prosthesis, with a questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate the effect of second molar single implant therapy. RESULTS: This study obtained standardized information on the masticatory function objectively (e.g., P, R, X50) before (Pre-insertion) and after insertion (Post-insertion) of the implant prosthesis. Masticatory performance (P) after insertion of the implant prosthesis significantly increased from 67.8+/-9.9 to 84.3+/-8.5% (P<0.0001). With the implant prosthesis, the P value increased by 24%. The masticatory efficiency index (R) of Post-insertion is higher than that of Pre-insertion (P<0.0001). With the implant prosthesis, the R value increased by 29%. The median particle size (X50) of Post-insertion is lower than that of Pre-insertion (P<0.0001). More than 90% of the patients were satisfied with the second molar single implant therapy from a functional point of view. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that a second molar single implant can increase masticatory function.
Adult ; Arachis ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Humans ; Mastication ; Molar ; Particle Size ; Patient Satisfaction ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To determine the MR imaging findings of synovial sarcoma, with emphasis on the signal characteristicsof pathologically correlated T2-weighted images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 14 cases ofpathologically-proven synovial sarcomas were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with the histopathologicfindings. We analyzed the signal intensity of T1- and T2-weighted images and the incidence of triple signalintensity, and evaluated the frequency of fluid-fluid levels, internal fibrous septa, calcification, the invasionof bone or neurovascular bundles and the involvement of joint capsules, as well as the size, location and marginof the tumors and pattern of contrast enhancement. RESULTS: Necrosis, cystic change or hemorrhage was suggested in11 cases, ten of which showed triple signal intensity, and in all cases, was pathologically confirmed. Fluid-fluidlevels were found in three cases and internal septa in ten. In four cases, maximum diameter was less than 5cm, andin nine, was greater than this. No mass was detected in one case. The tumor was located in the low extremity(n=9),pelvic girdle and hip joint area(n=2), scapular(n=1), shoulder joint area(n=1), and scalp(n=1). Eleven casesshowed a relatively well-defined margin and nine showed lobulation. Except in the area of necrosis and cysticchange, the pattern of contrast enhancement was diffuse and inhomogenous. Bony invasion was detected in two cases,neurovascular encasement in four, calcification in four, and joint capsule invasion in four. CONCLUSION: OnT2-weighted images, synovial sarcoma frequently showed triple signal intensity and internal septa with fluid-fluidlevels ; this was induced by cystic changes due to necrosis and hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage ; Hip Joint ; Incidence ; Joint Capsule ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Synovial* ; Shoulder Joint

BACKGROUND: Accurate quantitative testing of HBV DNA is very important for choosing antiviral treatment targets and evaluating treatment response in chronic HBV patients. We evaluated the performance of LG AdvanSure HBV Real-Time QPCR kit (LG) utilizing real-time quantitative PCR. METHODS: The LG kit was conducted for 201 chronic hepatitis patients undergoing treatment at the Korea University Ansan hospital and 48 normal control volunteers. The precision, limit of detection, sensitivity, and specificity of LG Kit were evaluated. Correlation analysis was done with Abbott Real Time HBV kit (Abbott) and the Cobas Amplicor HBV Monitor kit (Cobas) and the concordances rate of the three methods were calculated. RESULTS: The LG assay showed linear range of detection from 10(2) to 10(6) and coefficient of variation (CV) was 1.10~0.52% at > or =1,000 IU/mL and 1.19% at 100 IU/mL. The coefficient of determination for precision analysis was 0.997. The limit of detection for detection of 95% of positive samples was 9.71 IU/mL (54.4 copies/mL). In 201 clinical samples, the log HBV DNA/ml showed good correlation between Roche vs Abott, Roche vs LG and Abott vs LG, respectively (n=105, 108, 133, r2=0.91, 0.89, 0.94, P<0.0001). The overall concordance rate of three methods were 79.1% (159/201), 82.1% (165/201), and 85.1% (171/201), respectively, showing no stastically significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: LG AdvanSure HBV Real-Time QPCR kit showed outstanding precision, linearity, limit of detection, good correlation with previous methods, and is a valuable tool in treatment monitoring of chronic HBV infections.
DNA ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Limit of Detection ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: We analysed CT findings of thyroid mass to determine the difference between a benign and a malignant mass and to evaluate the differential findings, if any. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 87 cases with apathologically proven thyroid mass (malignancy in 66 cases, benign mass in 21 cases). CT findings were retrospectively analysed. For the primary masses, bilaterality, size, margin, attenuation of the mass, spotty portion with distinct high attenuation(which may suggest calcification), necrosis, cystic change, solid portion within the cyst, and invasion of adjacent structures were evaluated. For the lymph nodes, size, high attenuated spotty portion, necrosis, cystic change, and solid portion within the cyst were evaluated. CT findings of thyroid masses and lymph nodes were evaluated in order to determine whether these were benign or malignant. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: In malignant masses, compared with benign, an indistinct margin of the mass(48% vs 19%), invasion of adjacent structures(53% vs 0%), and associated lymph node enlargement(50% vs 0%) were more frequent. With regard to bilaterality, size, attenuation, high-attenuated spotty portion(which may suggest calcification), necrosis, cystic change, and solid portion within the cyst, there was no significant difference between benign andmalignant masses. In masses of the former type, enlarged lymph node or invasion of adjacent structure were not seen at all. When the papillary solid portionwithin the cystic mass was additionally evaluated, papillany carcinoma was the most common finding(77% 14\18). CONCLUSION: General findings of malignancy such as margin, invasion of the mass, and lymph node enlargement are of help in the differential diagnosis of a malignant mass. High attenuated spotty portion, which may suggest calcification within the mass, or size of the mass are non-specific findings, and are not helpful in differential diagnosis. The papillary solid portion within the cyst of the mass could suggest papillary carcinoma as a first possibility and could be helpful in differential diagnosis.
Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Thyroid Gland*

OBJECTIVES: Recurrent mucosal disease and anatomic obstruction are commonly cited causes of failed endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been reported to reduce scarring and to promote wound healing in sinonasal surgery. HyFence is HA stabilized by 1, 4-butandiol diglycidyl ether, which makes it less-water-soluble and highly viscoelastic. The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-adhesion effect of HyFence after ESS compared to that of HA-CMC (Guardix-Sol). METHODS: Seventy-four patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent ESS were included in the study. After the ESS procedure, Merocel was placed in the ethmoidectomized areas of the both sides. Five milliliters of Guardix-Sol was then applied to the Merocel of one side and HyFence LV was applied to the other side. The effect of the agents was evaluated at one, two, and four weeks after surgery by endoscopic examination. The severity of adhesion, edema, infection and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adhesion between the HyFence group and the Guardix-Sol group (P>0.05). Mean postoperative grades of edema and infection showed no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). There was no significant postoperative complications associated with either anti-adhesion agent (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: HyFence has equivalent anti-adhesion effect compared to Guardix-Sol following ESS.
Cicatrix ; Edema ; Ether ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Incidence ; Postoperative Complications ; Wound Healing