No abstract available.
Mastoid* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

The laryngeal framework surgery (LFS) is an operation to correct the position and tension of the vocal cords by changing the laryngeal cartilage and muscles. LFS such as type 1 thyroplasty, arytenoid adduction, and arytenopexy is performed to improve the voice of patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. It is known that the voice improvement effect of LFS in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis is excellent and lasts for a long time. LFS can also be operated under local anesthesia. Complications are not common, however, severe complications like airway obstruction could occur after the operation. Recently, several other attempts to modify the traditional surgical method have been reported. This review is intended to be helpful in understanding the characteristics and changes in laryngeal framework surgery.

Incidences of blowout fractures have increased due to rapid industrialization and rise in violent crimes. However, there have been few studies on the proper follow-up guidelines or protocol after reduction of the orbital wall for patients working in a high atmospheric pressure environment. We have experienced a pilot with an orbital medial wall fracture who underwent reduction through an endoscopic approach. The patient underwent the Valsalva maneuver and scan of paranasal sinuses 8 weeks after reduction. Emphysema did not occur in the orbit even after the Valsalva maneuver and he was able to return to his workplace without any complications. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Atmospheric Pressure ; Crime ; Emphysema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Orbit ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Industrial Development

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (cavernoussinusitis) is a term used to describe diseases involving the content of the superior orbital fissure and/or anterior cavernous sinus, presenting as painful ophthalmoplegia, along with granulomatous inflammation. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth cranial nerves pass through the carvenous sinus. Thus, when infection spreads into the cavernous sinus, these cranial nerves may be paralyzed and corneal reflexes may disappear. Pain and hypoesthesia of the area, which is innervated by the maxillary branch of the fifth nerve, can be accompanied with this syndrome. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome can be improved dramatically with high-dose steroid therapy. A 15-year-old boy who had retro-orbital pain, diplopia and exophthalmos was diagnosed with sphenoid sinusitis by PNS CT. He underwent brain MRI and neurologic examination because the symptoms persisted after the endoscopic sinus surgery. He was finally diagnosed with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and his symptoms were improved with steroid therapy.
Abducens Nerve ; Adolescent ; Blinking ; Brain ; Cavernous Sinus ; Cranial Nerves ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Inflammation ; Neurologic Examination ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Orbit ; Sphenoid Sinus ; Sphenoid Sinusitis ; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Numerous materials have been used in augmentation rhinoplasty. The representative materials include silastics, Gore-Tex, autologous cartilage, and homologous materials. The use of alloplastic materials in rhinoplasty is often discouraged due to possible risk of infection and extrusion. Currently, the use of Tutoplast-processed fascia lata (TPFL) in augmentation rhinoplasty is increasing in Korea because it can avoid donor site morbidity and decrease the surgical time. However, there have been no reports of infections related to rhinoplasty using TPFL in Korea. We experienced a case of infection that occurred after rhinoplasty using TPFL. We report this case along with a brief review of the literature.
Cartilage ; Fascia ; Fascia Lata ; Humans ; Korea ; Operative Time ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Rhinoplasty ; Tissue Donors

Dandy-Walker syndrome is congenital malformation characterized by cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle and agenesis or hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis. The major clinical symptoms of the disease are hydrocephalus, weakening of physical strenth and athletic abilities, macrocephaly, cerebellar disorders like ataxia, nystagmus and irritability, vomiting from IICP. The syndrome usually occurs in early infancy and is barely diagnosed in adult. A fifty six aged female patient whose chief complaints were dizziness with right nystagmus and right hearing disturbance visited our outpatient clinic and showed ninety three/fifty six dB in right pure tone audiometry. So we prescribed PO medication on the assumption that she had right sudden sensoryneural hearing loss with vertigo, however left nystagmus was seen in her physical examination after discharge. We present this case that she was diagnosed as Dandy-Walker syndrome in brain MRI after all.
Adult ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Ataxia ; Audiometry ; Brain ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome* ; Dizziness ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Macrocephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination ; Sports ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Neuronitis* ; Vomiting

Precise fixation of fracture fragments is important for the successful management of facial bone fractures. However, the conventional metal plates and screws used in such procedures are sometimes difficult to place when the facial bone fracture occurs in a narrow area or has significant comminution. We report herein our experience with 6 patients with facial fractures, which were difficult to fix using titanium plates and screws. All injuries were satisfactorily repaired using octyl-2-cyanoacrylate (OCA). In addition, there were no significant complications related to OCA during the follow-up period.
Facial Bones ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Titanium

Nasal septal hemangioma is a disease entity which is found most commonly at the anterior part of the nasal septum. The etiology of the nasal septal hemangioma remains controversial. But its development appears to be the result of post-raumatic proliferation of local blood vessels. It is generally an isolated finding, not part of a systemic disorder. In general, the best method of treatment is a wide resection of the tumor with a cuff of underlying mucosa and perichondrium. We present three cases of septal hemangioma which were presented as unilateral epistaxis. They were completely removed with laser photocoagulation under the endoscopic approach. The postoperative course has been gone well without recurrence.
Blood Vessels ; Epistaxis ; Hemangioma* ; Light Coagulation ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Septum* ; Recurrence

Medial blowout fracture with persistent diplopia and enophthalmos was required surgical treatment. Conventionally, surgery of blowout fracture of the medial wall has been performed by the transorbital approach with external incision. The conventional method had some disadvantages of external scar, increased morbidity, and general anesthesia. We performed endoscopic endonasal surgery without external incision in 2 cases of medial blowout fracture under local anesthesia. The bony fragments were removed after the intranasal ethmoidectomy. And the entrapped medial rectus muscle was released from the bony fragments. Merocel(R) was placed in the ethmoid sinus for the support of the orbital defect for 48 hours. Results of the surgery in all 2 cases were satisfactory and there were no evidences of diplopia and enophthalmos so far.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Cicatrix ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Orbit

Benign laryngeal injuries have been usually differentiated by the clinical finding. Traditionally the pathologic findings between the polyps and nodules by hematoxylin and eosin(H and E) staining looks alike. So we have used immunohistochemical technique to differentiate the laryngeal response to injury. We have studied 25 paraffin embedded tissues(20 cases: vocal polyps, 5 cases: vocal nodules) to compare their distribution of fibronectin and type IV collagen in vocal fold lamina propria by using their monoclonal antibodies. We have chosen fibronectin, a critical structural glycoprotein in the lamina propria, because of its deposition as a result of tissue injury and type IV collagen because of its location only in the basement membrane zone. The results were as follows: 1) In vocal polyps there were sparse fibronectin(less than normal) staining in superficial layer of lamina propria and the type IV collagen staining in basement membrane zone shows thin, normal thickness band form. These suggests that the injury often seems to be confined to the lamina propria only without basement membrane zone disruption. 2) In voal nodules there were intense fibronectin staining(more than normal) in the superficial layer of the lamina propria and the type IV collagen band in basement membrane shows thick and often coupled with disruption injury. The above results represent only two structural proteins, but it may be possible to suggest that the pathogenesis and the development origin of these laryngeal injuries are different. The deposition of fibronectin may explain why some nodules do not respond to voice therapy and suggest the following better treatment.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Basement Membrane* ; Collagen Type IV* ; Fibronectins* ; Glycoproteins ; Hematoxylin ; Mucous Membrane* ; Paraffin ; Polyps ; Vocal Cords ; Voice