No abstract available.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation* ; Meningomyelocele*

No abstract available.
Humans*

No abstract available.
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Walking is an indispensable daily locomotion and requires highly organized and dynamic body balance which is maintained by visual, vestibular and proprioceptive system. This study was designed to measure the forefoot position and walking speed in normal cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five normal cats were selected and trained to walk over a platform (188 cm long, 65 cm wide) of different upward and downward slope up to 15 degrees in a natural way. When a cat walks, the magnetic field generated from AC generators of two different frequencies through a coil in a cat's shoes was changed. The induced current of detecting coils under the platform was repeatedly measured. The sensitivity (minimal distance required to be separated in a different position) was 5 mm in the right and left axis, 10 mm in anterior and posterior axis. RESULTS: The mean crossing time over platform was 1.9+/-0.3 seconds. Mean walking speed was 648.2+/-76.5 mm/sec without significant differences between individuals or degrees of slope. The range of mean deviation was in between 4.4+/-48.8 mm to the right and 5.6+/-42.8 mm to the left with a different slope. There was a significant difference between 0 degree and upward 10, 15 degrees and downward 5, 15 degrees of slope but no difference between individuals. Walking distance in right-left and anterior-posterior axis were 53.1+/-10.3 and 213.1+/-79.4 mm, respectively, without a significant difference between individuals or degrees of slope. There was no change of foot position in standing 30 degrees upward or 30 dgrees downward. CONCLUSION: These results could be a baseline data for both normal and pathologic cat walking and this precise method will be also useful in clinical settings.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cats* ; Foot ; Locomotion ; Magnetic Fields ; Shoes ; Walking*

Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that occasionally occurs in gastrointestinal tract and mammary glands. It is characterized by large amounts of extracellular epithelial mucin that contains solitary epithelial cells, cords and nests. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the major salivary glands is extremely rare, and only 10 cases have been reported. Recently, we experienced a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland treated with total parotidectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. The patient has been free of disease for 2 years after treatment. So we report the case with a brief review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Epithelial Cells ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mucins* ; Parotid Gland* ; Radiotherapy ; Salivary Glands

Congenital esophageal stenosis is a extremely rare disease in childhood. We experienced one patient with a case of esophageal stenosis with esophageal solid food impaction. According to her history of dysphagia, cine esophagogram, pH-monitoring, and esophagoscopic findings, this esophageal stenosis was confirmed as congenital stenosis. We thus reported this case along with a relevant literature review.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophageal Stenosis* ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Rare Diseases

The anterior process of the malleus (process of Folius) in the middle ear develops through an intramembranous ossification center that appears in the human embryo of 26.5 mm crown-rump length at a caudomedial position in relation to Meckel's cartilage. We present one case of an ossicular anomaly considered to consist of an abnormality of the anterior process and manubrium mallei (malleus handle). In this case, a thick bony bar was found extending from the neck of the malleus and abnormally developed an anterior process of the malleus to the posterior bony wall or the tympanic bone. In the anterior part, a thick bony bar was also found in the anterior bony wall connecting with the malleus neck and the anterior process of malleus, which was abnormally developed by fibrous tissue. The manubrium mallei and the umbo were not identified and the anterior process of the malleus was recognized as an abnormally developed bony fragment. On the basis of these findings, the bony bar was assumed to represent an abnormally developed mesenchyme bone (os goniale), which later developed into the anterior process of the malleus.
Cartilage ; Crown-Rump Length ; Ear, Middle ; Embryonic Structures ; Hearing Loss, Conductive* ; Humans ; Malleus ; Manubrium ; Mesoderm ; Neck

Septic inflammation and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus was extremely fatal in the preantibiotic era. After the introduction of antibiotics, the incidence of septic cavernous thrombophlebitis has diminished significantly. It is, however, still a serious disease accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality rate. Therefore, a high index of suspicion and aggressive initiation of treatment is of the utmost importance for the prognosis. A case of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis and abducence nerve palsy which takes place secondary to petrositis was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and is presented here. The resolution of septic thrombus and complete recovery of sixth (abducens) nerve palsy was observed with treatment with antibiotics and steroids accompanied by tympanotomy tube placement.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis* ; Cavernous Sinus* ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mortality ; Paralysis* ; Petrositis* ; Prognosis ; Steroids ; Thrombophlebitis ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We are developing an in vitro preparation of the mouse inner ear so as to study morphophysiologic character of primary vestibular afferents and synaptic transmission within the vestibular epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We have intra-axonally recorded from over 300 ampullary fibers, close to the base of their respective anterior and lateral crista (<500 micrometer from hair cell/afferent nerve synapse), and labelled as a sub-set of these with biocytin (n=71). Discharge activity can be classified as regular or irregular based on the variation of the interspike interval (coefficient of variation). Using a micropusher to indent exposed windows of membranous labyrinth, we have characterized the response properties of both anterior and horizontal canal afferents. We studied afferent activity in response to sinusoidal indentations of anterior and horizontal membranous canal. RESULTS: The majority of labelled units were dimorphic (56 out of 71), having both calyx and bouton terminals and there was no labelled bouton terminal. Whether action potentials (Aps) were spontaneous or elicited with current, a heterogeneity of discharge activity was observed and these were similar to those previously reported in in vivo recordings from other mammalian species. In recordings over a range of frequencies from 0.01 to 10.0Hz, afferents responded with sinusoidal changes at discharge rates and modulation of membrane potential in a predictable manner. The phase response of the afferent discharge was characterized by frequency-dependent shifts in peak activity. The peak activity of anterior canal was in advance of the maximum indentation (180dgrees out of phase), with largest phase leads at 0.01 Hz (59.2+/-14.1dgrees) and the smallest phase leads occurring at 1.0 Hz (13.4+/-9.3dgrees), while maximum indentation was in advance of the peak activity at 10.0 Hz (-17.6+/-9.1dgrees). These phase shifts were similar to those reported in in vivo recordings from mammals, despite our use of artificial rather than natural rotational stimuli. CONCLUSION: We developed an in-vitro mouse model to study morphophysiologic characteristics of primary vestibular afferent nerve and synaptic transmission.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Ear, Inner* ; Electrophysiology ; Epithelium ; Hair ; Mammals ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice* ; Population Characteristics ; Semicircular Canals ; Synaptic Transmission