No abstract available.
Anoxia* ; Neurons*

A nerve ganglion cyst is characterized by the accumulation of a mucoid substance in or around the nerve, which leads to the formation of a pseudocyst. This 53-year-old man presented with left foot drop of three-year duration, using magnetic resonance imaging, 3-cm ganglion cyst of the peroneal nerve was preoperatively diagnosized. Surgical exploration disclosed a lobulated cystic mass filled with gelatinous material, and the lesion was completely resected. No connection with the knee joint was found, and postoperative recovery of motor function was good. The authors describe a case of intraneural ganglion cyst of the peroneal nerve which illustrates the value of MR in diagnostic imaging.
Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Peroneal Nerve*

A nerve ganglion cyst is characterized by the accumulation of a mucoid substance in or around the nerve, which leads to the formation of a pseudocyst. This 53-year-old man presented with left foot drop of three-year duration, using magnetic resonance imaging, 3-cm ganglion cyst of the peroneal nerve was preoperatively diagnosized. Surgical exploration disclosed a lobulated cystic mass filled with gelatinous material, and the lesion was completely resected. No connection with the knee joint was found, and postoperative recovery of motor function was good. The authors describe a case of intraneural ganglion cyst of the peroneal nerve which illustrates the value of MR in diagnostic imaging.
Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Peroneal Nerve*

BACKGROUND: Although epidural block has been widely used to control post operative pain, still there are many problems to be solved such as inadequate pain control and difficulty in its techniques. Subarachnoid morphine and clonidine injection also has been used to control postoperative pain and as adjuvant to spinal anesthesia. We compared subarachnoid morphine or morphine and clonidine injection with epidural morphine and bupivacaine injection for postoperative pain control. METHOD: The effect of the different types of postoperative pain control method in low abdominal surgery were investigated. 30 patients were randomly divided into one of three groups; single intrathecal morphine injection (group M), single intrathecal morphine and clonidine injection (group M/C) and continuous epidural morphine and bupivacaine injection (group M/B) prior to induction of general anesthesia. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Prince-Henry Hospital score (PHS), patient satisfaction score and the side effects were investigated at emergence, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after emergence of anesthesia. The blood pressure and heart rate were monitored 0, 5, 10 and 30 min, 1, 2, 24 and 48 hours after block for monitor the hemodynamic changes. RESULT: In group M/C, the VAS showed statistically significant decrease till first 24 hours after block and in group M/B after then (p<0.05). PHS and patient satisfaction scores were similar in all groups. The side effects, pruritis and nausea, by the opioids were more frequent in subarachnoid groups versus epidural group but that were tolerable without medication in most cases. In spite that systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were significantly low (p<0.05) in group M/C, there were no severe hypotension or bradycardia that need treatment. CONCLUSION: From these results, it seems that intrathecal morphine and clonidine combination therapy can be used as an another choice for postoperative pain control in low abdominal surgery.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Bupivacaine* ; Clonidine* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypotension ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pruritus

In central neurons, an excessive or sustained rise in the concentration of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ ions([Ca2+]i) after hypoxia may promote rapid neurodegeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Treating cells with Ca2+ chelating agents may prevent or delay a loss of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis after hypoxic injury and thus constitute an effective strategy for minimizing neuronal damage. Cell-permeant Ca2+ chelators such as 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy) ethrane -N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester(BAPTA-AM) have shown evidence of neuroprotective effect against hypoxic neuronal injury. This study was designed to examine dose response and to estimate therapeutic window of BAPTA-AM for the recovery from hypoxia in vitro. Electrophysiological studies were made in CA1 neurons in rat hippocampal slices which were superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ASCF) in tissue chamber. Hypoxia was induced by replacement of 95% N2+5% CO2 from 95% O2+5% CO2 for 20min. Recovery from hypoxic injury was evaluated by using a percentage recovery of population spike. BAPTA-AM in concentration of 1, 10 and 50micrometer were administered to the artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ASCF) for 2 hours prior to hypoxia, simultaneous with hypoxia and after hypoxia. The experimental specimens were divided to seven groups and each group was compared to control ASCF group. Recovery of population spike after hypoxia was about 70% in control ASCF group, which was mild type hypoxic injury. BAPTA-AM in 10 micrometer concentration, when given just prior to hypoxia, enhanced recovery of poppulation spikes at 15 and 30min following reoxygenation(p<0.05), in comparison with control ASCF. BAPTA-AM had no neuroprotective acitvity when given after the onset of hypoxia. Also, BAPTA-AM in 1 and 50 micrometer concentration did not accentuate recovery of population spike after hypoxia. Dose response curve was inverted U-shape and the response was maximun in 10 micrometer concentration of BAPTA-AM.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Chelating Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Enflurane ; Homeostasis ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH). METHODS: Five hundred seventy-five cases of PIH and 7,702 cases of normotensive pregnancies who were delivered their infants at Wonkwang University Hospital from January, 1994 to December, 1998 were selected for the study. The data were collected by review of the hospital record and the statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests, and statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: The incidence of PIH was 7.1% of total deliveries. Among the PIH, the incidence of mild preedampsia was found in 59%, severe preeclampsia in 36%, and edampsia in 5%. The most prevalent gestational period was 38-42wks gestation in mild PIH and 33-37wks gestation in severe PIH & eclampsia. The incidence of cesarean section was significantly higher in severe PIH & eclampsia(72.2%) than in mild PIH(48.7%) and normotensive pregnancies(39.7%). The incidence of hypoalbuminemia, preterm labor, placental abruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and pulmonary edema were significantly higher in severe PIH & edampsia than in mild PIH and normotensive pregnancies. Compared with normotensive pregnancies or mild PIH, severe PIH & eclampsia had significantly elevated risks for low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal distress, low apgar score, meconium stained, and neonatal deaths. CONCLUSION: The incidence of PIH is not decreasing and it still an important role in the cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in Korea. So, further studies are necessary to prepare a guide for the treatment of PIH.
Abruptio Placentae ; Apgar Score ; Cesarean Section ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Meconium ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy* ; Pulmonary Edema

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of preoperative MR imaging for evaluation of resectability of extrahepaticbile duct carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with proven extrahepatic bile duct carcinomaunderwent pre-operative MR imaging. All MR examinations were performed with a 1.5 T system, using a phased-arraymulticoil. Tumor resectability was prospectively determined by two radiologists who reached consensus. Tenpatients did not undergo surgery because the preoperative MR imaging, CT and endoscopic findings all indicatedunresectability. Twenty-five patients subsequently underwent surgical exploration, and their imaging andpathologic and laparotomic findings were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 34 cases (65%) were resectable. Amongthe 22 cases resectable in laparotomy, pre-operative MR imaging had suggested that 20 were resectable, andsensitivity for resectability was thus 91%. Among the 22 cases in which MR imaging had suggested resectability,macroscopic clearance was complete in 20, giving a positive value of 91%. MR imaging underestimated portal venousor hepatic arterial invasion, and in one case missed small (<1 cm) hepatic metastases. In two cases, MR imagingoverestimated portal venous or hepatic arterial encasement. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is a useful diagnosticmodality for preoperative assessment of resectability of extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prospective Studies

BACKGREOUND: The endotracheal intubation for inhalational anesthesia induces hypertension and tachycardia and these hemodynamic changes cause many cardiovascular complications. Propofol has hemodynamic stability compared with thiopental sodium as an induction agent of general anesthesia. Clonidine, an 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, blunts hemodynamic changes when administered as premedicant. We evaluated the hemodynamic stability during endotracheal intubation after clonidine premedication and each induction with thiopental sodium or propofol. METHODS: The 40 male and 40 female patients who scheduled for elective surgery, were randomly assigned in 4 groups (Group I, II, III and IV). In Group II and IV, the patients were administered 150 microgram of oral clonidine 90 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Thiopental sodium was used as induction agents in Group I and II, propofol in Group III and IV. We measured systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate at ward before administration of oral clonidine premedication (baseline value), before induction, after administration of induction agent, just after intubation, 1, 2, 3 and 5 minutes after endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure and heart rate were increased significantly in all 4 groups (P<0.05) when compared to baseline value of each group but lower in Group IV (P<0.05) compared to Group I, II, III. CONCLUSION: Clonidine 150 microgram premedication and induction of general anesthesia with propofol blunts hemodynamic changes induced by endotracheal intubation.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure* ; Clonidine* ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Male ; Premedication* ; Propofol ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

PURPOSE: Within a clinically acceptable time frame, we obtained the high resolution MR images of the human brain, knee, foot and wrist from 3T whole-body MRI system which was equipped with the world first 3T active shield magnet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spin echo (SE) and Fast Spin Echo (FSE) images were obtained from the human brain, knee, foot and wrist of normal subjects using a homemade birdcage and transverse electromagnetic (TEM) resonators operating in quadrature and tuned to 128 MHz. For acquisition of MR images of knee, foot and wrist, we employed a homemade saddle shaped RF coil. Typical common acquisition parameters were as follows: matrix= 512x512, field of view (FOV) = 20 cm, slice thickness = 3 mm, number of excitations (NEX) = 1. For T1-weighted MR images, we used TR= 500 ms, TE = 10 or 17.4 ms. For T2-weighted MR images, we used TR=4000 ms, TE = 108 ms. RESULTS: Signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 3T system was measured 2.7 times greater than that of prevalent 1.5T system. MR images obtained from 3T system revealed numerous small venous structures throughout the image plane and provided reasonable delineation between gray and white matter. CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate that the MR images from 3T system could provide better diagnostic quality of resolution and sensitivity than those of 1.5T system. The elevated SNR observed in the 3T high field magnetic resonance imaging can be utilized to acquire images with a level of resolution approaching the microscopic structural level under in vivo conditions. These images represent a significant advance in our ability to examine small anatomical features with noninvasive imaging methods.
Brain ; Foot ; Humans ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Magnets ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Wrist