The posterior fossa tumors were reviewed from January 1980 through September 1988. During that time, 72 tumors were diagnosed, with a male: female ratio of 1 : 1.8. The distribution of histopathologic types was; 17 acoustic neuromas(23%), 14 astrocytomas(19%), 8 hemangioblastomas(11%), 8 meningiomas(11%), 7 medulloblastomas(10%), 6 stem gliomas(8%), 4 metastatic tumors(5%), 3 granulomas(4%). The most common presenting symptoms were headache, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, diplopia and hearing diffrculty. Twenty-five patients(37%) showed hydrocephalus on CT scan. For the entire series of 60 patients operated on, results were: 31% excellent, 37% good, 8% fair, 13% poor and 10% Dead. Individuals with meningioma, acoustic neuroma or hemangioma were more favorable prognostically. With survival time should be further investigated for postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy.
Acoustics ; Diplopia ; Dizziness ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Headache ; Hearing ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infratentorial Neoplasms ; Male ; Meningioma ; Nausea ; Neuroma, Acoustic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

Spinal hemangioma is the uncommon, slowly growing benign tumor that arises from the blood vessels and commonly located in thoracic spine. We have recently experienced a caseof capillary Hemangioma in intradural extramedullary space of thoracic spine level. The patient presented with a slowly progressive weakness of both lower extremities and hypesthesia below T6 dermatome. The plain X-ray films, thoracic spine myelography and CT scan disclosed an intradural mass at T5 level. The mass was surgically removed and conformed by histological examination.
Blood Vessels ; Capillaries* ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Capillary* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lower Extremity ; Myelography ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Ray Film

The authors has investigated the effect of intracisternal urokinase on the multihemorrhage canine model of chronic post-subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) hydrocephalus. Each of 16 adult mongrel dogs was assigned to one of two experimental groups. All animals received a total of 13ml of fresh unheparinized autologous blood via three cisternal injections. Eight animals were treated by intracisternal injection of 20,000 IU of Urokinase every 12 hours for 3 days, and the remaining were not treated. The changes in ventricular volumes were measured by computed tomography(CT) before and 3 months after the initial subarachnoid blood injection. To compare the changes of hydrodynamic properties in chronic phases of post-SAH hydrocephalus, the pressure-volume index(PVI) technique of bolus manipulation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) was used to measure the volume-buffering capacity of neural axis and the resistance to the absorption of CSF(before SAH, post-SAH 1 month, 3 months). The final ventricular volume at 3 months of control group was 4 times greater than the initial volume, but Urokinase group less than two times. The mean measured PVI values of control group and Urokinase group were 3.98+/-0.76ml(+/- standard deviation(SD)) and 4.01+/-0.82ml in baseline study, 3.09+/-0.96ml and 3.70+/-0.84ml in post-SAH 3 months. The mean resistance of CSF outflow of control group and Urokinase group were 10.30+/-2.24mm Hg/ml/min), and 10.34+/-1.98mm Hg/ml/min in baseline study. At 1 month and 3 months after SAH control group maintained high absorptive resistance(29.54+/-11.50mm Hg/ml/min, 22.43+/-3.82mm Hg/ml/min), whereas the resistances of Urokinase group were slightly increased and then returned to the original levels(16.04+/-4.87mm Hg/ml/min, 12.87+/-3.06mm Hg/ml/min). The results described in this experimental study indicated that if fibrinolysis of the subarachnoid blood clot can be achieved rapidly after SAH, the complicating chronic hydrocephalus might be prevented.
Absorption ; Adult ; Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dogs ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Hydrodynamics ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

No abstract available.
Glioma* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin*

Two modifications of the Masserman method for the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) formation have been designed and compared with the Pappenheimer technique, the Masserman method and its old form of modification in animal experiment. Among the theoretical limitations of the Masserman method, resorption of CSF during the period of measurement was taken into account with two modifications of its integration in this study. The first one was calculated by reduced formula for a simple integration and the second one was produced by Simpson's formula of integration. Twenty adult cats were used for the experiment. Mean CSF production rate calculated by the Pappenheimer method, the Masserman method, the modified Masserman method and newly designed two modifications were 0.0207+/-0.0018 ml/min, 0.0128+/-0.0031 ml/min, 0.0166+/-0.0027 ml/min, 0.0183+/-0.003 ml/min and 0.0197+/-0.0033 ml/min respectively. When compared with the Pappenheimer method, data obtained from the Masserman method were significantly underestimated(p<0.01). All modifications have well correlated with the Pappenheimer method, and newly modified Masserman methods showed better cerrespondence.
Adult ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Humans

Serial changes in the size of infracted area induced by MCA occlusion(MCAO) were compared with Neutral Red(NR) and 2, 3, 5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) stains. The differences in size of the infracted area as shown by the 2 stains and its significance were also evaluated. The experimental animals were divided into 7 troups, with each group consisting of rats;these groups were stained at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after MCAO. After MCAO, NR was infused into the femoral vein, after which the brain was removed, the fraontal pole of the brain cut into 1.5mm sections, and each section photographed. Then, the NR-stained sections were immersed in TTC solution for 45 minutes and photographed. Results showed that the infracted area progressively increased according to time duration after MCAO(one-way ANOVA, p<0.01). Between 4 and 6 hour groups, the difference of the infracted area was greater than at any other timed groups, this being statistically significant(unpaired t-test, p<0.05). After 6 hours, the infracted area with NR stain became relatively stable. In contrast, however, the infracted area with TTC stain did not stabilize, but continued to increase up to 24 hours. Overall, the infracted area with NR stain was greater than with TTC stain in all the timed groups(paired t-test, p<0.05). As time progressed, the differences tended to decrease 48 hours post occlusion. In our study, serial changes of the ischemic penumbra area were evaluated by staining the ischemic area simultaneously with Neutral red and TTC stain. The results suggest that the ischemic penumbra area may still persist even after 48 hours post-MCAO.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Coloring Agents ; Femoral Vein ; Infarction ; Neutral Red*

The authors dersibe two cases of moyamoya-like disease associated with intracranial aneurysm. Moyamoya like disease, rare variant of moyamoya disease, has a normal unilateral caroted system. There are only few cases reported in the world literature of moyamoya-like disease associated with intracranial aneurysm. The radiological fearures and the management of these cases are discussed.
Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Moyamoya Disease ; Rare Diseases

The authors have inverstigated the hypothesis that ischemic injury could be attenuated by xanthine oxidase inhibitor(Allopurinol) and superoxide dismutase(SOD). This study used rat MAC model. Each animal was assigned to four groups which was composed with control group, allopurinol pretreated group(50mg/kg. I.P single). SOD pretreated group(16,000 I.U/kg I.V q 15min for 4hours) and combined pretreatment group. Oxygen derived free radicals have been implicated in various pathological conditions including ischemia. Xanthine oxidase serve as a source of oxidizing agents such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. The superoxide flux in normal cells appears to have necessitated the development of SOD, which scavenges the superoxide by dismutation. Infarcted area was measured by computerized morphometric analysis after triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, infarcted area was reduced in SOD treated group(p=0.005) and SOD, allopurinol combined group(P=0.035). Brain edema was measured by gravimetric method. And it was reduced in Allopurinol treated group(P=0.001) and SOD allopurinol combined group (P<0.001). Thus it was revealed that ischemic injury might be reduced by either decrease of production or increase of scavenger and the combination of two should be more efficious.
Allopurinol* ; Animals ; Brain Edema* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Free Radicals ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Ischemia ; Oxidants ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides* ; Xanthine Oxidase

It has been hypothesized that ischemia, followed by reperfusion, facilitates peroxidative free radical chain process in brain. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of allopurinol and deferoxamine on cerebral lipid peroxidation, estimated by a thiobarbituric acid test, following transient bilateral forebrain ischemia in the rat model of four vessel occlusion. Sprague-Dawley rats fed ad libitum were subjected to transient but severe forebrain ischemia by permanently occluding the vertebral arteries and 48 hours later temporarily occluding the common carotid arteries for 20 minutes. Carotid artery blood flow was restored and rats were decapitated after 48 hours. We assessed the lipid peroxidation capacity of cerebral homogenates obtained from hippocampus, basal ganglia, cortex and thalamus. The homogenates were subjected to 30 minutes of aerobic incubation. The production of lipid peroxides were decreased in all sampled area in the treated groups compared with the control group. Allopurinol and deferoxamine-treated groups showed decreased lipid peroxide levels in all the sampled area, but especially more in the hippocampus(p=0.02), (p<0.01) respecxtively. Combined group(allopurinol and deferoxamine) showed decreased lipid peroxide levels in all the sampled area. But was not statistically significant(p>0.05). The results suggest that allopurionl and deferoxamine play a role in protecting ischemic cellular damages by scavenging free radicals and subsequently lipid peroxides formed by oxygen supply through blood reperfusion.
Allopurinol* ; Animals ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Deferoxamine* ; Free Radicals ; Hippocampus ; Ischemia ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Lipid Peroxides ; Models, Animal ; Oxygen ; Prosencephalon ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; Thalamus ; Vertebral Artery

The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of hyperglycemia on focal cerebral ischemia in view of morphometric assay and neuropathological examination. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups of 20 each. Rat MCA occlusion model was used for induction of focal ischemia. Hyperglycemia(20 rats, mean(SEM plasma glucose concentration 378(97.6 mg/dl) was established 30 minutes before MCA occlusion by intraperitoneal injection of 50% dextrose in water;the control group(20 rats, mean(SEM plasma glucose concentration 121(24.9 mg/dl) received normal saline only. Twenty-four hours after MCA occlusion neutral red staining and perfusion fixation was performed and ischemic area were measured using computerized image analysis on cortical surface and coronal cut surface. There was no significant difference on coronal cut surface, but on cortical surface showed increase of non-stained area(infarct core) and decrease of lightly stained area(transitional zone) in hyperglycemic rats(p<0.05) and the sum of two area was not different between two groups. Pathological findings were evaluated under light microscopy, in which the field scanning was carried out from the midline by 0.5 mm interval at cortical and basal ganglia level. There showed no significant difference at basal ganglia level, but at cortical level ischemic transitional zone was decreased in hyperglycemic rats(p<0.05). We conclude that hyperglycemia may worsen the brain from severe, focal ischemic neuronal damage.
Animals ; Basal Ganglia ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia* ; Glucose ; Hyperglycemia* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Ischemia ; Microscopy ; Neurons ; Neutral Red ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley