With rapid advancement in techniques of correcting multiple facial anomalies, surgical planning has become more sophisticated, and knowledge of the exact relationship between various areas of the head and face is now indispensible. The importance of capturing the face in proportions has been emphasized by many surgeons. The neoclassical canons are known to modern plastic surgeons, but their usage in surgical planning has been limited to the role of working guides. They are useful, however, in serving as standards. The authors measured 800 normal young Korean females, ranged from 19 to 26 in age, and 21 beauty contestants in Korea, ranged from 20 to 27 in age. Seven vertical and seven horizontal linear measurements were taken from each subject by one examiner. These measurements of normal face and attractive face are compared with each other, and followed by comparison with neoclassical canons. Attractive face of Korean female comprises shorter lower face, especially from stomion to menton, narrower bigonial distance, and longer midface than normal face. It also has wide palpebral fissure and narrow intercanthal distance. Korean female face comprises shorter and narrower lower face than neoclassical canons. We think that it is valuable to take into consideration of this modern concept of beauty when making a preoperative plan for facial plastic surgery.
Beauty ; Female* ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Surgery, Plastic

No abstract available.
Ciprofloxacin* ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*

A 53-year-old man had skin-colored linear serpiginous plaque within brownish patch on his left thigh for one year. He habitually drank natural spring water for 3 years. We diagnosed this case as sparganosis infiltrated within dermis by histologic and parasitologic diagnosis. The skin lesion mimicked the cutaneous larva migrans by showing dermal migration of sparganum to pro-duce itchy linear serpiginous plaque. We report an interesting case of sparganosis mimicking cutaneous larva migrans.
Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Larva Migrans* ; Middle Aged ; Natural Springs ; Skin ; Sparganosis* ; Sparganum ; Thigh ; Water

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Neutrophils* ; Superoxides*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of the axillary abnormalities seen in mammography and to evaluate the imaging characteristics of benign lymphadenopathy and lymphadenopathy associated with malignancy. METHODS: One hundred ninety-three (193) abnormalities seen mammographically were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with clinical diagnoses and pathologic results found in the medical records of patients treated from August 1997 to July 1998 at the National Medical Center. For each abnormality, the length, the margins and the presence of microcalcifications were noted. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-eight (178) patients had benigh lymphadenopathy and twelve patients had metastatic breast cancer. The mean lengths of lymph nodes in benign lymphadenopathy & metastatic breast cancer were 13.7 mm and 22 mm, respectively (p=0.0002). Fatty infiltrations of benign lymphadenopathy were seen 157 patients (88.2%) while eleven patients with metastatic breast cancers had nonfatty infiltration and one patient had fatty infiltration. Among the patient with benign lymphadenopathy circumscribed margins were observed in 167 patients (93.8%), microlobulated margins in 7 patients (3.9%), and obscured margins in 4 patients (2.2%), while among the patients with metastatic breast cancer circumscribed margins were seen in 6 patients, obscured margins in 3 patients, spiculated margins in 2 patients, and a microlobulated margin in 1 patient. No microcalcifications were found in lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: For benign lymphadenopathy the size of the abnormality was less than 13.7 mm and it had circumscribed margin and fatty center. On the other hand; homogenously dense (nonfatty) axillary lymph nodes were strongly associated with malignancy when axillary lymph nodes were longer than 22 mm with ill-defined or spiculated margins; therefore, a biopsy should be done to confirm malignancy in such cases.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mammography ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

To evaluate the reliability of MR imaging in tissue characterization and depiction of tumor boundaries, we performed MR-pathologic correlation using parosteally implanted VX-2 carcinoma in 17 rabbit thighs. T1-weighted, T2-weighted and Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted axial images were obtained 10-30 days after tumor implantation. After the animals were killed, frozen and sectioned along the MR imaging planes, and histopathologic examinaton were done. For accurate MR-pathologic correlation, rabbits were fixed on the cardboard plate to minimize position change during the procedures. Tumor boundaries depicted on MR images were larger than those depicted on the specimen. Small tumors were surrounded by capsule-like loose connective tissue. Loose connective tissue became compact with tumor growth. This connective tissue showed high signal intensity on both T2-weighted and Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted images. Muscle atrophy with fatty tissue accumulation around the tumor also contributed to the high signal intensity on MR images. Peritumoral edema and inflammatory reaction were not remarkable. Six of 8 cases with bone marrow fibrosis were detected on MR images. We concluded that peritumoral loose connective tissue and muscle atrophy exaggerated the size of experimentally induced malignant musculoskeletal tumors on MR images.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Connective Tissue ; Edema ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscular Atrophy ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; Rabbits ; Thigh

PURPOSE: More than half of the gastric cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and many of them recur in spite of curative surgery. Because of that fact, analysis of the characteristics of recurrence and development of a more effective treatment are urgent problems. METHODS: One hundred gastric cancer patients who recurred after curative surgery were enrolled for this study, and 518 patients living without recurrence were used as a control group. Various clinicopathological factors were compared between the recurred and the non-recurred groups. RESULTS: Among the 100 recurred patients, peritoneal seeding (P/S) was found in 46 patients, hematogenous spread (H-S) in 20 patients, loco-regional recurrence (LR-R) in 15 patients mixed type in 19 patients. Depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, incidence of total gastrectomy, preoperative CA19-9 level, lymphatic and venous invasion, and tumor size were significantly different between the recurred and the non-recurred groups. In cases with P/S and H-R, undifferentiated tumors were more frequent than differentiated tumors to the contrary differentiated tumors were more common in LR-R. More than 80% of the recurrences were emerged within 2 years after surgery. At the time of recurrence, the serum levels of CEA and CA 19-9 were positive of 45% and 45% of the patients respectively. In P/S, patients with operative treatment survived longer than patients receiving other kinds of treatment (p=0.019), and chemotherapy effectively lengthened the survival in mixed type recurrence (p=0.018). CONCLUSION: The two years following surgery was the most important period for recurrence, and lymphatic invasion was related to such early recurrence with a statistical significance. Measurement of the serum levels of tumor markers was useful for the detection of recurrence. Operative treatment or chemotherapy was effective for lengthening the period of survival after recurrence in some types of recurrence.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Drug Therapy ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Immunotherapy*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections*

No abstract available.
Bacteremia*