We analyzed the results of the prostate biopsies of 64 patients with elevated serum PSA (>4ng/ ml) at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from March 1993 to February 1996. Of 64 patients, 11 patients (17%) had prostate cancer and 53 patients (83%) were diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia. Among the patients with prostate cancer, 1 patient had serum PSA between 4.1 to 10.0ng/ml, 2 patients between 10.1 to 20.0ng/ml and 8 patients above 20ng/ml The detection rates of prostate cancer in each serum PSA levels were 3%, 15% and 36% respectively. Two of 17 patients with both negative DRE and TRUS were diagnosed as prostate cancer Two of 21 patients with positive TRUS and negative DRE had prostate cancer but none of 8 patients with positive DRE and negative TRUS had prostate cancer. Seven of 18 patients with both positive TRUS and DRE had prostate cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and overall accuracy of DRE and TRUS in patients with elevated PSA (>4ng/m1) were 64%, 64%, 27%, 64% and 82%, 43%, 23%, 50% respectively in patients with elevated serum PSA (>4ng/ml). In conclusion, these results suggest that prostate biopsy in early diagnosis of prostate cancer would be needed for the patients with elevated serum PSA (>4ng/ml) regardless of the results of DRE and TRUS.
Biopsy* ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity

We report a case of renal pelvic calcification and ossification simulating a renal pelvic stone. histopathological examination of resected kidney revealed submucosal calcification in the pelvic and ossified foci in the perivascular area. This is the first report in the Korean literature and have been reported 1 case in the English literature till now. This is very rare entity unrelated to amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis ; Kidney

Surface ECG findings in 29 patients with left isomerism were reviewed. Among the total 46 wave axis distributions, 25(54%) were abnormal axis, not originated from sinus node. Congenital atrioventricular block was found in 2 children. 6 patients showed the bradycardia and junctional escape rhythm intermittently or persistently. 4 of them, not related with heart surgery, were much older than 2 patients who showed these ECG findings after heart surgery. These ECG findings suggested the possibility of occurrence of sinus node or subsidiary pacemaker dysfunction in the patients with left isomerism, especially in the older patients. So we thought that electrophysiologic evaluation is necessary in some patients with left isomerism.
Atrioventricular Block ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bradycardia ; Child ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Isomerism* ; Sinoatrial Node ; Thoracic Surgery ; United Nations

The metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to ureter, urinary bladder and uterus are not common, only a few cases were reported. A 63 years old female was admitted to department of urology, Korea university hospital with intractable hematuria, vaginal bleeding and severe frank pain on left is side with abdominal distension. Herein we are presenting a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with review and literature.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Female ; Genitalia* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urology ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus

There was no definitive reported cases of urinary calculi. This study is to estate the value of urinary calcium, magnesium, uric acid and magnesium/calcium ratio in cases of urinary calculi. The amount of calcium, uric acid and magnesium in 24 hour urinary excretion was measured by OCPC, Uricase and titan yellow method in 56 cases of upper urinary calculi compared with 35 control group.The results were summerized as follows.l. The mean values of 24 hour urinary excretion of calcium were 193+/-26mg/day in stone formers and 15l+/-25mg/day in control group. The 24 hour urinary excretion of calcium in the stone formers were significantly higher than those of the control group. 2. The mean values of 24 hour urinary excretion of uric acid were 498+/-40mg/day in the stone formers and 371+/-6mg/day in the control group. The 24 hour urinary excretion of uric acid in the stone formers were significantly higher than those of the control group. 3. Urinary magnesium values have not been shown any significant differences between the group with urinary calculi and those of control group. 4. The mean values of 24 hour urine of magnesium to calcium ratio was 1.01+/-0.95 in stone formers and l.42+/-1.31 in the control group. The magnesium to calcium ratio in the stone formers were significantly lower than those of the control group. These results suggest that increased urinary calcium and uric acid level may play some role in the genesis of urinary stone but urinary magnesium value was not different in the two groups. We think that a decrease in the urinary magnesium to calcium ratio was the results of increased excretion of calcium rather than lowered excretion of the magnesium for the stone formers.
Calcium* ; Magnesium* ; Saturn ; Urate Oxidase ; Uric Acid* ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis

PURPOSE: High risk women with congenital heart disease decide to get pregnancy is determined by not individual autonomous intention but complex interaction with their physical status and socio-psychological environments. This study tried to the answer to the question. : "What is experience high risk women who have congenital heart disease during transition to parenthood?". METHOD: A micro-ethnographic research method and oral historic research approach were done at the Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease Clinic in one Korean metropolitan city from July 2002 to September 2003. RESULT: It was discovered that high risk women's experience of transitional parenthood is accounted as the process of lonely and fearful self-accomplishment. Their need for self- accomplishment creates them seek more opportunities to increase enduring abilities for their parenthood. CONCLUSION: We suggest that from the time of beginning of patient's making decisions about becoming pregnant, collaborative efforts must be considered that priority level of patient's needs be reviewed and find appropriate advices for their situation. Special counseling program should be provided to all the prospective parents with understanding their meaning of parenthood.
Counseling ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Intention ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Risk Factors*

To evaluate the radiographic characteristics of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and useful parameter for predicting mechanical stability, we retrospectively analysed 26 plain radiographic examinations and seven MR imagings in 28 cases of OCD in 24 patients. Typical radiologic findings were osteochondral defect with sclerotic rim of variable thickeness and osteochondral fragment. Sites of osteochondral defect were medial (35.9%) or lateral (32%) femoral chondyle and medial (7.1%) or lateral (25%) side of talar dome. Sclerotic rim was seen in 24 cases (85%) and osteochondral fragments including nine loose bodies were seen in 21 cases (75%). The size of osteochondral defect with unstable fragment (average 2.05cm) and loose body (2.04cm) in the knee joint were similar to, but statistically larger than that with stable fragment (1.35cm). All osteochondral defects were well visualized on MR images. Abnormalities of articular cartilage and effusion in the interface between the parent bone and fragment were seem in five cases of which there were confirmed three unstable cases arthroscopically. We conclude that size of defect may be a good parameter for predicting mechanical stability and MRI may be useful in the diagnosis of OCD and determining the methods of treatment.
Cartilage, Articular ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteochondritis Dissecans* ; Osteochondritis* ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most useful diagnostic tool in biliary and pancreatic disease. However, ERCP cannot be performed successfully in all patients. Cannulation failure is the most common cause of failure of ERCP. Mechanical pathologies, such as peri-Vater diverticulum, cancer of the papilla of Vater, and impacted stone were the common causes of cannulation failure. We experienced two cases of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater in whom cholangiography and insertion of the nasobiliary tube were performed througth an artificial choledoehoduodenal fistula made by a needle type diathermy knife, beacuse cannulation to the duct was failed due to the tumor.
Catheterization ; Cholangiography* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Diathermy ; Diverticulum ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Needles ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pathology