No abstract available.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active* ; Humans ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The introduction of Hansenula polymorpha for recombinant hepatitis B vaccine production allowed high product yield with plasmid stability and less glycosylation than conventional Saccharomyces cerevisiae system. A Green Cross HG-II vaccine formulated from HBsAg produced by a recombinant strain of the yeast H. polymorpha was evaluated for immunogenicity and safety in an open label triaL METHOFD: A 20 ug dose of Green Cross HG-II vaccine was administered intramuscularly at 0, 1 and 6 months at the deltoid region in 118 healthy adults seronegative for HBV markers. The anti-HBs titers were determined at one month after administration of the third dose of vaccine by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The seroconversion rate was 96.8% (90 out of 93), with seroprotective rate of 95.7% (89 out of 93). The geometric mean titers(GMT) of the anti-HBs response was 153.1mIU/ml in seroconverters. An age-dependent effect was observed in the anti-HBs response. But sex-dependent effect was not prominent. Reactogenecity was in incidence and general reactions were short-lasting and a mainly mild in severity. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown that the Green Cross HG-II vaccine is safe and clinically well tolerated, a nd that it may provide protection against HBV infection.
Adult* ; Glycosylation ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pichia ; Plasmids ; Radioimmunoassay ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeasts

Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome is characterized by micrognathia, cleft palate, multiple thorax deformity and frequently, mental deficiency. Respiratory compromise is a common cause of death. We experienced a case of cerebrocostomandibular syndrome with congenital heart disease in a 2 day old female baby with the chief complaint of cyanosis and respiratory difficulty since birth. She was delivered by cesarian section due to delayed labor at IUP 42 weeks. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features, radiologic findings and echocardiogram, which showed micrognathia, deformity of 3rd finger Lt, hemivertebrae of T1-T6 Lt., absence of 1-6th rib Lt., dextrocardia, tetralogy of fallot, atrial septal defect secondum. We reported this case and reviewed related litertures briefly.
Cause of Death ; Cleft Palate ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cyanosis ; Dextrocardia ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Parturition ; Ribs ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thorax

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of clinical nurses' interpersonal relations among nurses, patients, and others in the ward setting of the hospital. METHOD: Six nurses who have experienced from 4 to 7 years on the same ward setting, were interviewed. The data were collected from September, 2000 to May, 2001 and analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method of phenomenology. RESULT: In this study, 7 themes were extracted: difficulty of interpersonal relations after being familiar with work, developing good relations with doctors, patients, and their significant others as experience increased, generation gap among individual nurses, evaluating other nursing colleagues on their past experience in ward settings, avoiding nurses with whom one was in conflict, sometimes, resolving conflict through getting together with colleagues informally, having a limited interpersonal network, experiencing becoming mature through struggling with the difficulty of interpersonal relations. CONCLUSION: Nurse managers need to provide resources, opportunities, and information to clinical nurses through fully understanding the characteristics of nurses' interpersonal relations. In addition, they should minimize the factors which intervene with good interpersonal relations among clinical nurses.
Humans ; Intergenerational Relations ; Interpersonal Relations* ; Nurse Administrators ; Nursing

No abstract available.
Enterovirus* ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic*

No abstract available.
Occupational Health*

BACKGROUND: The sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein with 13 putative transmembrane domains, which is responsible for concentrating iodide into the thyroid by an active transport and provides the mechanism for radioactive-iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer. However, undifferentiated thyroid cancers and about 2050% of differentiated thyroid cancers do not take up the RAI at therapeutic dose. The NIS has been cloned from rat and human (hNIS) and characterized recently. In an attempt to develop a new therapeutic strategy using hNIS gene for improving the efficacy of RAI therapy in thyroid cancers, we have constructed a recombinant adenovirus encoding the hNIS (Ad-hNIS) and tested its function by an iodide uptake by infecting human thyroid cancer cells. METHODS: RT-PCR was performed to measure an intrinsic hNIS expression in thyroid cancer cell lines, such as NPA, FRO and ARO. To generate the hNIS adenovirus, hNIS cDNA was isolated and ligated into Swa I site of cosmid shuttle vector (pAxCAwt). We have produced recombinant adenovirus by co-transfecting the cosmid with DNA-TPC to 293 cell line. Adenovirus that express (beta-Galactosidase (LacZ) was also prepared by the similar strategy. Adenovirus infection efficiency was measured in three thyroid cancer cell lines. Finally, 24 hours after infection of ad-hNIS into the cells, I125-uptake was measured. RESULTS: Endogenous hNIS expression was detected only in FRO cells but not in NPA, ARO and Hela cells by RT-PCR. X-Gal staining after infection of Ad-LacZ to thyroid cancer cell (NPA, ARO, FRO) showed that an infection rate in ARO cells was 98.5+0.5%, 97.0+0.2% in FRO cells and 75.5+5.0% in NPA cells. We selected ARO cells for the infection of Ad-hNIS due to the highest infection efficiency and the absence of endogenous hNIS expression. When ARO cells were infected with the ad-hNIS, I125 uptake was increased 504+6.4%. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of hNIS gene in thyroid cancer cells elicited over 5 fold increase in I-uptake, suggesting that the Ad-hNIS infection to the thyroid cancer cells may improve the efficiency of radioactive iodine therapy.
Adenoviridae Infections ; Adenoviridae* ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane ; Clone Cells ; Cosmids ; DNA, Complementary ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycoproteins ; HeLa Cells ; Humans* ; Iodine ; Ion Transport* ; Rats ; Sodium Iodide* ; Sodium* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

Among the exotoxins produced by V. vulnificus, hemolysin (HS) has been reported to be the most potent one. To investigate the factors up- or down-regulating HS production in the context of pathogenesis, we observed the effects of salinity or/and temperature shifting, glucose, and acidic pH on the production of HS by V. vulnificus C7184 strain in vitro. Significantly more HS was produced when V. vulnificus was cultured in 0.9% salinity and 37 degrees C than in 2.5% and 25 degrees C. When the culture condition reflecting natural habitat of V. vulnificus (2.5% salinity and 25degrees C) was changed into that reflecting human body (0.9% salinity and 37 degrees C), 2.5 fold or more HS was produced than in the V. vulnificus being cultured continuously in 0.9% NaCl at 37 degrees C. This result suggests that V. vulnificus somehow recognizes the shifting in salinity and temperature and stimulate HS production. Glucose addition in the culture medium resulted in a dose- dependent decrease in the HS production. Glucose itself and acidic pH resulting from its metabolism both appeared to inhibit the HS production. Glucose in itself had more dominant role in suppressing the HS production than the lowered pH accompanying the metabolism of glucose. This result suggests that HS production is down-regulated in the presence of glucose and under environmental acidic pH.
Ecosystem ; Exotoxins ; Glucose* ; Human Body ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Metabolism ; Salinity* ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio* ; Virulence

In order to evaluate the status of health information management for occupational health care center, we surveyed the computerized health information system using questionnaires form July 15 to August 31 in 1997. Among the 105 centers, 53 centers answered. The results were as follows; 1. Twenty nine centers(54.7%) had computerized information system. Most of them have operated this system for 5 years ago, and the users were administrators, doctors, nurses, and hygienists. The most of twenty nine centers which had introduced the health information system developed the software programs by themselves(41.4%) or with computer companies(58.6%). The main reasons that the centers introduced the computerized health information system were to do financial work and manage the occupational data; including medical examination, environmental evaluation, and other statistics. The problems in operation of computerized information system were low capacity level of memory, non-transferability to other programs and high cost. They demanded the more advanced level of functional diversity, continuity, and accuracy in data management. 2. Sixty nine percent of the centers which had the computerized health information system and forty six percent of the centers which had not it had plans to extend or introduce the system. They presumed that they would spend the 10-50 million Won to do that. 3. Necessary were the advanced computer program which included the comprehensive occupational health service, transferability to other programs, linkage with other occupational health care centers, worksites and government information system.
Administrative Personnel ; Health Information Management ; Health Information Systems* ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Memory ; Occupational Health Services ; Occupational Health* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace

Recently the changes in medical informatics enabled us to use medical information whenever we want and wherever we are. However, there are few information supporting systems on the web in occupational health field. So we have tried to make an occupational health information system (OHIS) based on the Internet and to provide occupational information to occupational health personnel. There were two steps for developing OHIS. First, we analyzed user's needs and existing information systems and then developed contents of our OHIS. Second, we constructed web server under the environment of Windows user, using operating system of windows NT 4.0 and web browsers of Netscape Navigator. Many users in worksites wanted information through the Internet. The contents of OHS which they wanted were information related to health education of workers, health counselling, news, and so on. The contents of OHIS which we forwarded were occupational health service, information about organization of occupational health, book references and journals, link-sites related to occupational health. In the future, this Interned-based OHIS will be an useful site offering a lot of information to occupational health personnel.
Health Education ; Health Information Systems* ; Information Systems ; Internet* ; Medical Informatics ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services ; Occupations* ; Web Browser ; Workplace