To investigate the effect of C/EBP βon the neuroinflammation.Recently,neuroinflamma-tion research mainly focused on C/EBP β,more and more researches indicated that C/EBP βmay play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases.We searched the published papers in PubMed,CNKI,and Wan Fang date bases in June 2015.The key words were used asCCAAT enhancer binding protein beta,Neu-ron,Neuroinflammationand so on.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summaried and analyzed the literatures.Eventually,42 articles were adapted,most of which were foused on the functions and mechanisms of C/EBP βin neuroinflammation.C/EBP βparticipate in multiple signaling pathways of neu-roinflammation,and the regulation mechanism is complicated.Abrogation of C/EBPβexpression or its down-regulation by gene regulation may may serve as a therapeutic target to attenuate deleterious effects in neural tissue and ultimately prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective To investigate the role of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in treatment of acute cerebral infarction and its underlying mechanism.Methods Seventy-two SD male rats were randomly divided into model group,BMSCs group,and BMSCs+NT-3 group (n=24).Focal cerebral ischemia rat models were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO);24 h after MCAO,rats in the BMSCs group and BMSCs+NT-3 group were given BMSCs and NT-3 gene modified BMSCs via tail intravenous injection,respectively.Modified neurological severity scale (mNSS) was performed one,6,12 and 24 d after MCAO;infarct sizes were measured by TTC staining one,12 and 24 d after MCAO;expressions of neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and nestin in the surrounding areas of infarction were detected by Western blotting 6 d after MCAO.Results As compared with those in the BMSCs group,significantly decreased mNSS scores in BMSCs+NT-3 group were noted 6,12 and 24 d after MCAO (P＜0.05).Rats in the BMSCs+NT-3 group had significantly smaller brain infarct sizes than the BMSCs group 12 and 24 d after MCAO (P＜0.05).Expressions of NSE and nestin in the BMSCs+NT-3 group were significantly higher than those in the BMSCs group 6 d after MCAO (P＜0.05).Conclusion Transplantation of NT-3 gene modified BMSCs can further improve neurological functions and reduce brain infarct sizes as compared with BMSCs transplantation,whose mechanism might be related to promote the differentiation of BMSCs into neurons.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen on hemorrhage transformation and its possible mechanism in rats after cerebral infarction.Methods Seventy-two SD male rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,and hyperbaric oxygen group (n=24).Focal cerebral ischemia rat models were established by occluding the middle cerebral artery in model group and hyperbaric oxygen group,and the hemorrhage transformation models after cerebral infarction were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of hyperglycemia before ischemia reperfusion.Rats in the hyperbaric oxygen group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen 3 h after operation.Twenty-four h after operation,Neurological Function Scale was performed;infarct sizes were measured by TTC staining;amount of hemoglobin detected by spectrophotometric assay was used to evaluate the amount of blood loss in the brain tissues;nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) protein expression was detected by Western blotting;and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the penumbra of cerebral infarction were determined by ELISA.Results As compared with those in the model group,the Neurological Function Scale scores of hyperbaric oxygen group were significantly higher (11.50± 1.64 vs.16.04±2.09,P＜0.05).The brain infarct sizes,hemorrhagic volumes,NF-κB protein expression,and IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations in the hyperbaric oxygen group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the model group (33.7％±3.8％ vs.21.6％±4.1％,[11.94±2.26] μL vs.[8.21±1.96] μL,3.05±0.19 vs.2.26±0.25,[49.78±5.65] pg/mL vs.[31.88±2.96] pg/mL,and [31.11± 4.55] pg/mL vs.[19.39±3.19] pg/mL,P＜0.05).Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen has therapeutic effect on hemorrhage transformation after cerebral infarction by reducing brain infarct sizes and hemorrhagic volumes,whose mechanism might be related to inhibition of NF-κB,IL-1β,and TNF-α expressions and reduce of inflammatory response.

Objective:To understand main problems existing in the construction of advanced stroke centers in China and put forward solutions, for reference in promoting the standardization construction of advanced stroke centers and improving the efficiency of acute stroke treatment.Methods:The data were derived from relevant data of on-site export guidance in the construction of advanced stroke centers at 175 tertiary hospitals from 2020 to 2021, and the scores of on-site evaluation indicators for the establishment of stroke centers and their formal approval were compared and analyzed. Based on on-site investigation and expert consultation, the common problems existing in the construction of advanced stroke centers were summarized. All data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, the scores of on-site evaluation indicators were expressed by ± s, and paired t test was used for comparison between groups. Results:Compared with the total score(693.04±72.06) of on-site evaluation at the stage of project launch, the total score(747.94±78.10) of on-site evaluation for formal approval of stroke centers of 70 hospitals was higher, and the difference was significant( P<0.01). There were seven common problems in the construction of stroke centers in 175 hospitals, including insufficient attention paid by hospitals, lack of effective performance incentive policies, imperfect treatment procedures and medical norms, and so on. Conclusions:Experts on-site guidance plays an important role in the construction of stroke centers in China. At present, there were still problems to tackle in the construction of stroke centers in hospitals. In order to promote the standardized construction of stroke centers in China and improve the efficiency of stroke treatment, the authors suggest fuorther strengthening the importance attached by hospital leadership and the coordination and organization of functional departments, establishing stroke center models conforming to the actual situation of the hospital, seting up the post of brain and heart health manager, and improving the regional prevention and treatment level of acute stroke.

Objective To investigate the effect of neurotrophin-3(NT-3)on the proliferation and apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in rats and possible mechanisms. Methods The NT-3 overexpression and lentiviral transfection of BMSCs were co-cultured with neuronal cells respectively and then they were divided into overexpression control group,NT-3 transfection group and shRNA-NT-3 transfection group(NT-3 silencing group).MTT assay was used to detect the cell culture for 24 h,48 h and 72 h. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry for 48 h. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of C/EBPβmRNA.The expression of C/EBPβprotein was detected by Western blot. Results MTT results showed that the proliferation ability of BMSCs in the NT-3 overexpres-sion group was significantly higher than that in the control group(0.650±0.042,0.826±0.074)at 48 h and 72 h(P<0.05).Compared with the control group(P<0.05),the cell cycle and apoptosis of BMSCs in NT-3 silencing group were significantly decreased at 48 h and 72 h(P<0.05). The results of 48 h cell cycle and apoptosis showed that the percentage of G1 phase in BMSCs was decreased,G2 and S were increased and the apoptosis was decreased. The percentage of G1 phase in G2-S phase and the increase of apoptosis were in-creased in NT-3 silencing group. The results of Western Blot showed that C/EBPβ mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in BMSCs of NT-3 overexpression group and significantly decreased in NT-3 silencing group(P<0.05).Conclusion NT-3 may promote the expression of C/EBP beta and affect the ex-pression of its downstream target genes,which can inhibit the apoptosis of BMSCs cells.