In the present study, we analysed the association between the incidence of tuberculous spondylitis with the Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1, also known as Solute Carrier Family 11a member1) polymorphism by studying the genetic segregation of this polymorphism and the incidence of the disease among members of the West Javanese population undergoing surgery for tuberculous spondylitis at our institution. We compared the distribution of NRAMP1 polymorphism at two specific sites, namely D543N, and 3’UTR, among subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous spondylitis. We found no significant differences in distribution of polymorphism between the two groups, or between pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous spondylitis compared to healthy subjects. However, a pattern emerged in that polymorphisms at the two sites seemed to be protective against development of tuberculous spondylitis in our study population. We concluded that in the West Javanese population, there is no association between NRAMP1 polymorphism with the propensity for development of pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculous spondylitis. In fact, NRAMP1 may provide protection against the development of tuberculous spondylitis.

Background: Managing diabetic ulcers should be multimodal; nutrition is one of the modalities to improve wound healing. This study therefore aimed to compare ketogenic diet and conventional diabetic diet in closing the wounds of diabetic rat models. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in 30 rats which were divided equally into three groups. Group I was given a ketogenic diet (60% fat, 24% carbohydrate, and 16% protein). Group II was given a conventional diabetic diet (43% carbohydrate, 15% fat, and 42% protein). Group III was the control group with a normal diet (13% water, 18.5%–20.5% protein, fat ≥4%, fiber ≤6%, ash ≤8%, 0.9% calcium, and 0.7% phosphor). A 1 cm-diameter wound was made with the Mason-Walker model as a guideline. The rate of wound closure was measured on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 to represent each wound healing phase. Results: On day 7, comparison between wound areas in the ketogenic diet, conventional diet, and normal diet yielded significant differences (mean, 0.664, 0.717, 0.747; P=0.051). There was also a significant difference on day 14 (mean, 0.564, 0.817, 0.647; P<0.001) and day 21 (mean, 0.164, 0.517, 0.447; P<0.001). Conclusion Compared to a conventional diabetic diet, a ketogenic diet significantly enhanced the wound closure rate in the diabetic rat model. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Background: Managing diabetic ulcers should be multimodal; nutrition is one of the modalities to improve wound healing. This study therefore aimed to compare ketogenic diet and conventional diabetic diet in closing the wounds of diabetic rat models. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in 30 rats which were divided equally into three groups. Group I was given a ketogenic diet (60% fat, 24% carbohydrate, and 16% protein). Group II was given a conventional diabetic diet (43% carbohydrate, 15% fat, and 42% protein). Group III was the control group with a normal diet (13% water, 18.5%–20.5% protein, fat ≥4%, fiber ≤6%, ash ≤8%, 0.9% calcium, and 0.7% phosphor). A 1 cm-diameter wound was made with the Mason-Walker model as a guideline. The rate of wound closure was measured on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 to represent each wound healing phase. Results: On day 7, comparison between wound areas in the ketogenic diet, conventional diet, and normal diet yielded significant differences (mean, 0.664, 0.717, 0.747; P=0.051). There was also a significant difference on day 14 (mean, 0.564, 0.817, 0.647; P<0.001) and day 21 (mean, 0.164, 0.517, 0.447; P<0.001). Conclusion Compared to a conventional diabetic diet, a ketogenic diet significantly enhanced the wound closure rate in the diabetic rat model. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Background: Managing diabetic ulcers should be multimodal; nutrition is one of the modalities to improve wound healing. This study therefore aimed to compare ketogenic diet and conventional diabetic diet in closing the wounds of diabetic rat models. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in 30 rats which were divided equally into three groups. Group I was given a ketogenic diet (60% fat, 24% carbohydrate, and 16% protein). Group II was given a conventional diabetic diet (43% carbohydrate, 15% fat, and 42% protein). Group III was the control group with a normal diet (13% water, 18.5%–20.5% protein, fat ≥4%, fiber ≤6%, ash ≤8%, 0.9% calcium, and 0.7% phosphor). A 1 cm-diameter wound was made with the Mason-Walker model as a guideline. The rate of wound closure was measured on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 to represent each wound healing phase. Results: On day 7, comparison between wound areas in the ketogenic diet, conventional diet, and normal diet yielded significant differences (mean, 0.664, 0.717, 0.747; P=0.051). There was also a significant difference on day 14 (mean, 0.564, 0.817, 0.647; P<0.001) and day 21 (mean, 0.164, 0.517, 0.447; P<0.001). Conclusion Compared to a conventional diabetic diet, a ketogenic diet significantly enhanced the wound closure rate in the diabetic rat model. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Background: Managing diabetic ulcers should be multimodal; nutrition is one of the modalities to improve wound healing. This study therefore aimed to compare ketogenic diet and conventional diabetic diet in closing the wounds of diabetic rat models. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in 30 rats which were divided equally into three groups. Group I was given a ketogenic diet (60% fat, 24% carbohydrate, and 16% protein). Group II was given a conventional diabetic diet (43% carbohydrate, 15% fat, and 42% protein). Group III was the control group with a normal diet (13% water, 18.5%–20.5% protein, fat ≥4%, fiber ≤6%, ash ≤8%, 0.9% calcium, and 0.7% phosphor). A 1 cm-diameter wound was made with the Mason-Walker model as a guideline. The rate of wound closure was measured on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 to represent each wound healing phase. Results: On day 7, comparison between wound areas in the ketogenic diet, conventional diet, and normal diet yielded significant differences (mean, 0.664, 0.717, 0.747; P=0.051). There was also a significant difference on day 14 (mean, 0.564, 0.817, 0.647; P<0.001) and day 21 (mean, 0.164, 0.517, 0.447; P<0.001). Conclusion Compared to a conventional diabetic diet, a ketogenic diet significantly enhanced the wound closure rate in the diabetic rat model. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.