No abstract available.
Herpesviridae* ; Herpesvirus 7, Human ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Sarcoma, Kaposi*

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that comprises at least two distinct clinical subtypes (unicentric and multicentric). Three pathologic variants (hyaline vascular variant, plasma cell variant, and mixed variant) have been recognized. In addition to interleukin-6 and human herpes virus 8, some other cytokines and viruses may also be involved in the pathogenesis of CD. This review summarizes the recent advances in the underlying pathogenesis of CD, with an attempt to provide evidence for new treatment options that may change the current treatment strategies and improve patients' outcomes.
Castleman Disease ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Humans ; Interleukin-6

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative tumor affecting the blood and lymphatic vessels. The human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is directly implicated in the development of the disease. Non-AIDS kaposi sarcoma is a rare clinical type of KS and must be distinguished from AIDS-associated KS as it differs in clinical presentation, course, prognosis, and management.

A 73-year old male, Filipino, rice farmer, from Quezon Province, Philippines, presented with a progressive 10-year history of violaceous to hyperpigmented plaques and nodules on all extremities, with associated pruritus and difficulty in performing fine motor tasks. Histopathology showed proliferation of vascular channels and immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD31, CD34, and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), consistent with KS. Work-up revealed non-reactive HIV serology with an adequate CD4 count and computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest and abdomen were unremarkable. The case was classified as non-AIDS KS. He was then referred to oncology for chemotherapy with paclitaxel.

This case highlights that KS can occur in non-endemic areas and in immunocompetent individuals. Non-AIDS KS must be differentiated from other types of KS since non-AIDS KS is less aggressive, limited to the skin, and is highly responsive to therapy. It is therefore crucial to correlate clinical and histopathologic findings, utilizing immunohistochemical stains, as histology of KS can mimic benign vascular tumors, and it is crucial to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. There are currently no treatment guidelines for KS and management aims to decrease morbidity and improve a patient’s quality of life.

Kaposi's sarcoma(KS) occurs in four distinct subsets: classic, African-endemic, iatrogenic immunosuppressive drug-associated, and AIDS-associated KS. Only two cases of AIDS-associated KS have been reported in Korea. The pathogenesis remains unclear but, suggested the relevance to the association of virus infection with KS, especially human herpesvirus-8. We report a case of an AIDS-related KS that human herpesvirus-8 DNA is present in the KS tissue. The patient was diagnosed with AIDS in 1993 and had complained of disseminated erythematous to purplish colored papulonodules on the face, neck, chest and back for 5months. He was treated with systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, but died due to septic condition.
DNA ; Drug Therapy ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Humans ; Korea ; Neck ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Herpesvirus 8, Human* ; Humans* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Transplant Recipients*

BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma includes many disease that range from benign disease to malignant tumors. However, little information is available about the immunohistochemical characteristics of Kaposi sarcoma. METHODS: The expressions of 13 various proteins (HHV-8 LNA-1, Ki-67, bcl-2, p53, CD31, CD34, factor VIII, D2-40, vimentin, SMA, S-100, EMA, and c-kit) were evaluated immunohistochemically in 49 vascular tumors including 16 Kaposi sarcomas, 8 angiosarcomas, 2 hemangioendotheliomas, and 23 benign vascular tumors with using the tissue array method. RESULTS: All 16 cases of Kaposi sarcoma showed nuclear staining for HHV-8 LNA-1, whereas all the cases of angiosarcoma and benign vascular lesions were negative for HHV-8 LNA-1 (p<0.001). All Kaposi sarcoma were positive for D2-40, which is a marker of lymphatic differentiation, but 25% of the benign vascular lesions and 30.4% of the angiosarcoma were positive for D2-40 (p<0.001). The mean proliferation index as assessed by Ki-67 immunostaining revealed no difference between the benign and malignant vascular lesions (p>0.05). No Kaposi sarcoma showed a bcl-2 expression, but 62.5% of the angiosarcomas and 21.7% of the benign vascular tumors had bcl-2 expressions (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical detection of HHV-8 LNA-1 and D2-40 are useful tools to differentiate Kaposi sarcoma from other vascular tumors.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Factor VIII ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Vimentin

Self-regression of Kaposi's sarcoma is rare with the exception of the iatrogenic immunosuppressive type. No cases of classic type Kaposi's sarcoma showing spontaneous regression have been reported in the Korean dermatologic literature. We report a case of classic type of Kaposi's sarcoma in a 69-year-old man which followed a clinical course of spontaneous regression. He presented with multiple asymptomatic beefy red papules and nodules scattered on both cheeks and upper extremities during a state of increase in the number of skin lesions at the initial visit. He had no history of immunosuppressive treatment and the laboratory findings were unremarkable. An anti-HIV antibody test was negative. A histopathologic examination revealed typical findings of Kaposi's sarcoma and positive staining with CD31 and D2-40. HHV-8 DNA was detected in a biopsy specimen. Without any specific treatment, the skin lesions healed without leaving any complications after 15 months, and did not show any evidence of recurrence during the ensuing 5 years.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; DNA ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Skin ; Upper Extremity

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. The etiology of CD may involve viral infection, abnormal modulation of cytokines, and angiogenesis. Human herpes virus (HHV) -8 infection and interleukin-6 (IL-6) overexpression may play key roles in the development of CD. Treatment options include surgical excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, antiviral therapy, and targeted therapy. No standardized treatment has been established for multicentric CD and the treatment efficacy usually is poor. Among newly available agents, the effectiveness of antiviral therapy against HHV-8 is unclear; anti-CD20 and anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies have shown promising efficacy; thalidomide and bortezomib have shown their initial efficacy.
Castleman Disease ; etiology ; metabolism ; therapy ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism

Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Design ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; drug effects ; Humans ; Simplexvirus ; drug effects