Objective To observe the expressions of two inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (LAPs), survivin and livin, as well as their related factors, Bci-xl and Caspase-3 in mycosis fungoides (MF), along with the effects of NB-UVB irradiation on them. Methods Totally, 30 patients with MF (5 at erythema stage, 16 at plaque stage and 9 at tumor stage) collected from 1995 to 2007 were included into this study. Of the patients, 11 received the treatment with NB-UVB irradiation. Tissue samples were resected from 30 untreated patients, 11 irradiated patients and 10 normal human controls. SABC immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain was used to evaluate the protein expression of survivin, livin, Bel-xi and caspase-3 in these samples. Also, the mRNA expression of these four factors and cell apoptosis were detected by hybridization in situ (ISH) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-fluorescence nick end labeling (TUNEL stain) respectively in the samples from 11 patients before and after NB-UVB irradiation. Results In samples of erythema-stage MF, plaque-stage MF and tumor-stage MF, the positivity rate was 40.00%, 75.00%, 77.78% for survivin respectively, 60.00%, 68.75%, 88.89% for Bcl-xl respectively, 40%, 25%, 44.44% for livin respectively, and 60.00%, 68.75%, 88.89% for caspase-3 respectively. No expression of survivin or Bcl-xl was observed in normal controls, while the expression of livin and caspase-3 was similar between MF and control samples. After NB-UVB irradiation, an increase was noticed in the count of apoptosis cells (t=6.49, P<0.001) and mRNA expression of caspase-3 (P<0.10), while a decrease in the mRNA expression of survivin and Bcl-xl in MF tissues, and no changes occurred to the mRNA expression of livin (P>0.10). Conehsions Survivin, Bcl-xl and caspase-3 may be associated with the pathogenesis of MF by regulating the cell apoptosis of T lymphocytes. NB-UVB could suppress the mRNA expression of survivin and Bcl-xl, lower the levels of LAP, enhance the transcription of caspase-3, and accelerate the apoptosis of tumor cells, which may partly explain the mechanism of therapeutic effect of NB-UVB in MF.

Objective To investigate the clinical features ,diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) .Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical history ,clinical manifestation ,diagnoses ,treatments and outcomes of 42 patients with ec‐topic pregnancy in the cesarean scar .Results All cases got diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound .The error rate of first diagnosis was 40 .4% (17/42) .There were 25 cases of conservative therapy ,in which 12 cases were resolved with laparoscopic surgery and 1 case resolved with open surgery ;in the first process 15 cases were carried out laparoscopic surger in which 1 case were converted to laparotomy ;abdominal surgery were underwented in 1 case and were cured .Only one case underwent abdominal total hysterectomy as of failure after uterine artery embolization .After initial conservative treatment 3 cases were hospitalized again and 2 cases under‐went reoperation .41 patients were successfully retained the uterus and normal menstrual cycle returned at two months after opera‐tion .Conclusion The early diagnosis for CSP mainly depended on ultrasound and the thickness of incision muscle layer is an impor‐tant basis for choice of treatment .Checking the thickness of incision muscle layer for CSP mainly depended on ultrasound ,and lapa‐roscopic surgery is an ideal method for diagnosis and treatment of CSP .

Genetic transformation is an effective method to improve breeding objective traits of orchids. However, there is little information about genetic transformation of Cymbidium sinensis. Rhizomes from shoot-tip culture of C. sinensis cv. 'Qijianbaimo' were used to establish a practical transformation protocol of C. sinensis. Pre-culture time, concentration and treating methods of acetosyringone, concentration of infection bacteria fluid (OD600), infection time, and co-culture time had significant effects on β-glucuronidase (GUS) transient expression rate of C. sinensis cv. 'Qijianbaimo' rhizome. The GUS transient expression rate of rhizome was the highest (11.67%) when rhizomes pre-cultured for 39 d were soaked in bacterium suspension (OD600 = 0.9) supplemented with 200 μmol/L acetosyringone for 35 min, followed by culturing on co-culture medium supplemented with 200 μmol/L acetosyringone for 7 d. Under this transformation conditions, 3 transgenic plantlets, confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and PCR, were obtained from 400 regenerated plantlets, and the genetic transformation rate was 0.75%. This proved that it was feasible to create new cultivars by the use of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in C. sinense.
Agrobacterium ; Coculture Techniques ; Genetic Engineering ; Glucuronidase ; Orchidaceae ; genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transformation, Genetic

The liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) was investigated based on idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model co-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a non-hepatotoxic dose. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intragastrically administered with three doses (18.9, 37.8, 75.6 g crude drug per kg body weight) of 50% alcohol extracts of PM alone or co-treated with non-toxic dose of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1)) via tail vein injection. The plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were assayed and the isolated livers were evaluated for histopathological changes. The dose-toxicity relationships of single treatment of PM or co-treatment of LPS were investigated comparatively to elucidate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM. The results showed that no significant alterations of plasma ALT and AST activities were observed in the groups of solo-administration of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1), i.v.) or different dosage (18.9, 37.8 and 75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) of PM, compared to normal control group (P > 0.05); while significant elevations were observed in the co-administration groups of PM and LPS. Treatment with LPS alone caused slight infiltration of inflammatory cells in portal area but no evident hepatocytes injury. Co-treatment with LPS and PM (75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) caused hepatocyte focal necrosis, loss of central vein intima and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration in portal areas. When further reduce the dosage of PM, significant increases of plasma ALT and AST activities (P < 0.05) were still observed in co-administration groups of LPS and PM (1.08 or 2.16 g·kg(-1)), but not in LPS or PM solo-administration groups. Nevertheless, the co-treatment of low dosage of PM (0.54 g·kg(-1)) with LPS did not induce any alteration of plasma ALT and AST. In conclusion, intragastric administration with 75.6 g·kg(-1) of PM did not induce liver injury in normal rats model; while the 2 folds of clinical equivalent dose of PM (1.08 g·kg(-1)) could result in liver injury in the LPS-based idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model, which could be used to evaluate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM.

Background Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are representative environmental endocrine disruptors of phthalate esters (PAEs). Some studies have shown that PAEs exposure may have an impact on lipid metabolism. Objective To investigate the effects of DEHP and/or DBP on lipid metabolism in rats and their possible mechanisms of action. Methods Thirty-six weaned healthy SD male rats, 3 weeks old, weighing 50-70 g, were divided into four groups, i.e., a corn oil control group, a DEHP (750 mg·kg⁻¹) group, a DBP (500 mg·kg⁻¹) group, and a DEHP+DBP (750 mg·kg⁻¹+500 mg·kg⁻¹) group. The rats were exposed to DEHP and/or DBP by oral gavage for 8 weeks, and weighed once a week. The rats were anesthetized 24 h after the last dose, and blood was taken from the apical part of the heart. Serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were detected. Liver tissues and perigenital adipose tissues were collected, weighed, and one portion of the tissues was fixed in 10% neutral formalin for pathomorphological observation, and another portion was used for mRNA detection of lipid metabolism-related genes such as Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Results During the DEHP and/or DBP exposure period, the rats in all groups were free to eat and drink without death or injury observed. Compared with the control group: The body weight gain in the DEHP+DBP group was lower at all time points from the 2nd week onwards (P<0.05); the liver organ coefficients of the DEHP and the DEHP+DBP groups were higher (P<0.05); the serum LDL-C levels in the DEHP and the DBP groups were higher (P<0.05). Compared with the DEHP+DBP group: The body weight gains in the DEHP group at the 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 8th weeks were higher (P<0.05), and the body weight gains in the DBP group were higher at all time points except the 1st week (P<0.05); the liver organ coefficients in the DEHP group and the DBP group were lower (P<0.05); the serum TG level in the DEHP group was higher(P<0.05), and the serum LDL-C levels in the DEHP and the DBP groups were higher (P<0.05). The pathomorphological results of liver tissues showed that the hepatocytes in the DEHP, DBP, and DEHP+DBP groups were disordered with loss of cord-like arrangement, swelling (suggesting change of cell proliferation), and presented bilirubin pigmentation. The pathomorphological results of rat perigenital adipose tissues showed had irregular alignment, sizes, and arrangement of adipocyte in the DEHP, DBP, and DEHP+DBP groups. The results of rat liver lipid metabolism-related gene mRNA levels showed that the liver JAK3, STAT5b, and PPARγ mRNA levels in the DEHP, DBP, and DEHP+DBP groups were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the rat liver PPARγ mRNA levels in the DEHP and DBP groups were lower than those in the DEHP+DBP group (P<0.05). Conclusion DEHP and/or DBP can inhibit the increase of body weight to varying degrees, induce inflammatory damage to liver tissues, and cause abnormal lipid metabolism in rats, and the associated mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of JAK3/STAT5b/PPARγ signaling pathway in rat liver tissues.

Background Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the highest consumed and the most widely used phthalic acid ester, their effects on lipid metabolism have attracted the attention of many scholars. However, the associated mechanism is still unclear. Objective To observe the effect of DEHP on lipid metabolism in rats, probe its possible mechanism, and provide a research basis for the effect of DEHP on human lipid metabolism. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: solvent control (0 mg·kg⁻¹ DEHP), low DEHP (187 mg·kg⁻¹), medium DEHP (375 mg·kg⁻¹), and high DEHP (750 mg·kg⁻¹) groups. DEHP was administered by oral gavage for 6 d per week, consecutively 8 weeks. The rats were weighed once a week during the exposure period. At 24 h after the last exposure, the rats were anesthetized with 20% urethane and sacrificed by apical puncture. Rat livers were harvested and weighed before hematoxylin-eosin (HE) histopathological observation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in liver, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related proteins JAK3, STAT5b, and PPARγ in liver. Results Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the body weight gain of the rats in each group (P>0.05). The liver organ coefficients of the DEHP exposure groups were higher than that of the control group (P<0.001), and increased with higher DEHP dosages. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum decreased in all DEHP exposure groups (P<0.05), and the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum increased in the high DEHP group (P<0.05). The results of liver histopathological morphology showed that the hepatocytes of each DEHP group were enlarged and edematous in varying degrees, with loose stroma and irregular arrangement of cells, which were manifested as inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty degeneration of liver cells. Compared to the control group, the mRNA levels of JAK3, STAT5b, and PPARγ in liver tissues of rats in each DEHP group decreased (P<0.001). Compared to the control group, the relative expression levels of JAK3 in each DEHP group decreased (P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of STAT5b and PPARγ in the medium and high DEHP groups decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion DEHP exposure can induce abnormal lipid metabolism in rats, and the mechanism may be related to DEHP inhibiting the activation of JAK3/STAT5b/PPARγ signaling pathway.

OBJE CTIVE To prepare and characterize evodiamine phospholipid complex self-microemulsifying drug delivery system（EVO-PC-SMEDDS），and to investigate its gastric mucosal permeability. METHODS EVO-PC-SMEDDS was prepared ， and particle size ，polydispersity（PDI）and Zeta potential were tested ，and microscopic observation was carried out. The stability of EVO-PC-SMEDDS in simulated gastric liquid with different pH （1.2，2.0，4.0，7.0）was investigated. The entrapment efficiency and drug-loading amount of the preparation were determined ，and the in vitro release was investigated. The gastric mucosal permeability of EVO-PC-SMEDDS was studied by combining rat gastric mucosal tissue and Ussing Chamber technology. RESULTS The particle size of EVO-PC-SMEDDS was （53.63±1.51）nm，PDI and Zeta potential were 0.217±0.017 and （－12.20±0.15）mV，entrapment efficiency was （95.25±0.97）％ and drug-loading amount was （19.30±1.21）mg/g. EVO-PC- SMEDDS exhibited a uniformly dispersed round spherical shape under transmission electron microscope. Stability experiments showed that EVO-PC-SMEDDS exhibited no significant change in particle size ，PDI and Zeta potential under the simulated gastric fluid with different pH and showed excellent stability. Results of in vitro release test showed that compared with evodiamine （EVO），in vitro accumulative release of EVO-PC-SMEDDS were enhanced 6.83-fold，which was in line with the first-order kinetic release model. Results of gastric mucosal permeability showed that gastric mucosal permeation transport ，permeation rate ， permeation flux and area under curve of cumulative permeability of EVO-PC-SMEDDS were higher than those of EVO ， respectively. CONCLUSIONS EVO-PC-SMEDDS is prepared N successfully and shows good stability. It could significantly improve the release behavior and gastric mucosal permeability of EVO.

OBJECTIVE：To optimize the form ulation of Zuojin pectin c apsules，and to prepare modern Zuojin pectin capsules with protective effects against gastric ulcers. METHODS ：The formulation of Zuojin pectin capsules was optimized with orthogonal test with the contents of pectin ，soluble starch and dextrin as factors ，using formability ，moisture absorption and flow ability as indicators. Zuojin pectin capsule was prepared by wet granulation filling method with Zuojin extract powder as raw material. The contents of palmatine hydrochloride ，berberine hydrochloride ，evodiamine and rutaecarpin were evaluated by HPLC. Basket method was used to investigate the release behavior of the capsule in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. The gastric ulcer model of rats was established by intragastric administration of 75％ ethanol. Gastric ulcer index ，the inhibition rate of gastric ulcer and the pathological sections were used as indexes to investigate the protective effect of Zuojin pectin capsules （the doses were 54，108， 216 mg/kg）on gastric ulcer. RESULTS ：The optimal formulation of Zuojin pectin capsules included 45％ pectin，12％ soluble starch，27％ dextrin and 1％ xylitol. Results of in vitro drug ， release showed that palmatine hydrochloride and berberine， hydrochloride in Zuojin pectin capsules released 53.76％ and No.54.82％ respectively within 1 h，completely released at about 8 h， and conformed to the zero-order release behavior. 2492109374@qq.com Different doses of Zuojin pectin capsule could improve the ulcer injury of gastric tissue in gastric ulcer model rats to different extent ，and significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index（P＜0.01），significantly increased the inhibition rate of gastric ulcer and the percentage of positive expression area of Schiff ’s iodate staining （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Zuojin pectin capsule with protective effect on gastric ulcer and certain sustained- release effect is successfully prepared.