Objective To optimize the particle size of Huoxue powder by contents comparison of emodin,phellodendrine,berberine and jatrorrhizine before and after permeabilized skin absorption of Huoxue powder in different particle size of 0.150,0.075,0.048,0.038 mm.Methods The contents of emodin,phellodendrine,berberine and jatrorrhizine in transparent absorbent fluid of Huoxue power in different particle size within 24 hours were measured by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,and optimize its particle size by contents comparison of the effective components.Results The contents of the active components in Huoxue power with the particle size of 0.075 mm were high before and after percutaneous absorption.Conclusion Particle size of 0.075 mm is best for Huoxue powder.

Objective To establish a quality evaluation method for determination of paris saponinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ in paridis rhizhma by quantitative analysis of multi-components with single-marker (QAMS).Methods An HPLC method and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)were used.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (48:52) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 203 nm and column temperature was 25 ℃.Parissaponin Ⅶ was used as the internal reference substance.The relative correlation factors of parissaponinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ were calculated by standard curve method and QAMS.Results The QAMS method could be used for determination of four saponin components at the same time without significant difference as compared with the results of standard curve method (RSD<2.0%).Conclusion QAMS method is simple and reproducible,which can provide a reference for quality standard revision for paridis rhizhma.

Objective To study the prescription and preparation technology of breviscapine microemulsion for parenteral injection,and to evaluate its quality.Methods The prescription was selected and optimized through single-factor test and the pseudo-ternary phase diagram method.The preparation technology was investigated,and the particle diameter,drug content,encapsulation efficiency and haemolyticus were evaluated.Results The prescription composition of breviscapine microemulsion was soybean oil:phospholipid:HS15:PEG400:water=1:0.1:0.55:0.55:6.64 (m/m),with the drug content of 4.01 mg·mL-1,the acquired breviscapine microemulsion exhibited light yellow,uniform and transparent,with average particle diameter of 92.1 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 96.8%.The compatibility test showed no drug precipitation and the preparation was no hemolytic crisis.Conclusion The preparation of breviscapine microemulsion injection is correspond to the main index of parenteral injection.

Objective To study the effect and adverse reaction of lactulose oral solution on the treatment of postpartum constipation.Methods A total of 120 patients with postpartum constipation were randomly divided into treatment group (n=61) and control group (n=59).The treatment group received 15 mL lactulose oral solution,twice a day.The control group received wheat cellulose particles 3.5 g,twice a day.After the improvement of symptoms,the patient''s medication frequency was changed to 1 time a day,the course of treatment was 2 weeks long.The curative effect(including before treatment,period during the treatment,and the first week after finish the whole treatment) and the recurrence of constipation after treatment were observed.Results The frequency of defecation per week in the treatment group was(3.83±1.61)times,that in the control group was(3.09±1.53)times at the first week after treatment(P<0.05),those were(6.22±1.96)and(5.15±1.71)times respectively in the second week(P<0.01),and (6.43±1.87),(5.29±1.64)times respectively at the first week after treatment(P<0.05).The total recurrence rate in the two groups were 4.92% and 10.17% respectively(P>0.05) after follow-up to 60 d.The degree of drug acceptance in two groups was 100.00% and 76.27% respectively(P<0.01).There was no obvious adverse reaction in both two groups.Conclusion The effect of lactulose oral solution on the treatment of postpartum constipation is definite and with low recurrence rate.Lactulose oral solution has a good taste,easily to be taken and to be accepted,it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To evaluate clinical effect of rabeprazole combined with teprenone capsules in treatment of gastric ulcer by marking targeting biopsy and leptin.Methods A total of 118 patients with active gastric ulcer confirmed by endoscopy were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in the treatment group (n=60) were given rabeprazole 10 mg,bid,and teprenone capsules 50 mg,tid.Patients in the control group (n=58) were given rabeprazole 10 mg,bid.Both groups were treated continuously for 56 days.Before and after treatment,2 groups were labeled with biopsy,the clinical efficacy and the healing rate of two groups were recorded,the quality of healing and the expression of leptin were compared.The level of leptin was tested after treatment.Results After 10 days,the difference of clinical curative effect was not statistically significant (P>0.05).After 56 days,the difference of clinical curative effect was statistically significant (P<0.05);ulcer healing rate (93.33%)in treatment group was higher than that of control group (72.41%);ulcer healing quality (93.33%) in treatment group was higher than that of control group (58.62%);leptin level of treatment group was lower than that of the control group;gastric ulcer recurrence rate (3.8%) in treatment group was lower than that of the control group (24.0%) (all P<0.05).Conclusion Rabeprazole combined with teprenone in the treatment of gastric ulcer is better than rabeprazole.Marking targeting biopsy and leptin can be used to evaluate the healing quality of gastric ulcer more accurately,which can be an evaluation index of the quality of gastric ulcer healing and used as an indicator of the quality of gastric ulcer healing.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii sachets and bismuth in the treatment of chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp)infection.Methods A total of 176 patients with chronic gastritis or duodenal ulcer with Hp infection were enrolled.Patients with chronic gastritis (n=116) were randomly divided into the treatment group (58 cases) and the control group (58 cases): treatment group received triple therapy(rabeprazole+amoxicillin +levofloxacin) and Saccharomyces boulardii sachets for 14 days;control group received triple therapy and colloidal bismuth pectin for 14 days.Patients with duodenal ulcer (n=60) were ulcer group,given with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for 14 days,then rabeprazole for 14 days.All patients were tested for 13 C urea breath test four weeks after stopping treatment.Results One hundred and seventy cases completed the trial.Hp eradication rate was 84.5%in treatment group,87.9% in control group,and 90.0% in ulcer group (analysis by intent of treatment,ITT analysis).The difference between the three groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in treatment group (10.3%)than in control group (20.7%)and ulcer group (21.7%)(P<0.05).Conclusion Quadruple therapy with Saccharomyces boulardii sachets can effectively eradicate Hp.It can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Objective To observe the effect of apatinib on the invasion ability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 and H460.Methods Different doses of apatinib were incubated with the A549 and H460 cells,then the effect of apatinib on the invasion of A549 cells was detected by Transwell assay,and the change of cell morphology was observed by optical microscope,and the expression of EMT related proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results The cell viability of A549 and H460 have no change when the concentration of apatinib was under 120 nmol·L-1.Therefore,60 nmol·L-1 and 120 nmol·L-1 apatinib were used in the further experiments.The invasion of A549 cells was reduced after apatinib incubation for 48 h,with cell morphology changes,and the expression of E-cadherin was enhanced,with the depresion of N-cadherin,Vimentin and Snail,which were related to the progress of EMT.Conclusion Apatinib could induce the MET,and reduce the invasion ability of A549 and H460 cells.

Objective To estimate the value of nitrofuratoin in uncomplicated urinary tract infection by examining antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains isolated from the patients.Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility information was collected from two projects: an antimicrobial survey of clinical urine specimens in 20 hospitals in 15 provinces during 2004-2012 and CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during 2005-2014.Then the clinical consumption of nitrofuratoin was analyzed according to the data of sample hospitals from 6 cities of Yangtze River system between 2011 and 2015.Results The antimicrobial susceptibility of E.coli strains showed that the resistance rate to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were above 50% during the last decade.Meanwhile,the resistance rate to nitrofuratoin was below 10%.Conclusion Nitrofuratoin,which is an old drug in the treatment of urinary tract infection,is famous for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and high sensitivity to ESBLs producing or non-ESBLs producing strains of E.coli.It is efficacious,safe and cost-effective in the treatment to uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women.Therefore,it is highly recommend that rational use of nitrofuratoin in the clinical practice.

Pharmacogenomics does not only bring the connection of genes,medicines and diseases,but also become a powerful tool for clinical pharmacists.Pharmacogenomics is commonly used in clinical practice,especially in the implementation of genetic-test results for guiding rational use of medicines.The genotyping results of genes can provide good individualized medication guidance for patients,which can be confirmed by clinical use of the clopidogrel and warfarin.As a member of the clinical treatment team,clinical pharmacists should take advantage of pharmaceutical and pharmacogenomics information to promote rational use of medicines.

In order to favor the growth and development of the fetus,the maternal-placental-fetal unit is characterized by profound physiologic changes.These adaptations may affect maternal and fetal absorption,distribution,placental transfer,metabolism and excretion of drugs.When evaluating drug use in pregnancy,understanding both pregnancy physiology and the gestation-specific pharmacokinetics of different drugs is necessary to achieve effective treatment and limit maternal and fetal risk.This topic will focus on the pharmacokinetics and safety of drugs during pregnancy in light of changes in maternal physiology and function of placental.