Objective:To study the intelligence of old people above 56 years old were tested by Gong's non-verbal intelligence test. Methods:1460 old peopl above 56 years old were tested by Gong's non-verbal intelligence test.Results: After controlled the effect of educational background on the intelligence, the scores of each subtest decrease with the increase of age( P

In order to reinforce the development and sharing of elaborate educational resources and improve the educational quality, the course team completed the transformation and upgrading of the original fine course for the construction of national high-quality resource sharing class. In the con-struction of courses the organic combination of course content, method, skills, quality was focused on, and the transformation and upgrading of the course achieved further optimization of the excellent resources and full sharing.

Objective: To explore the effect of high glucose on NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were divided into a control group, a mannite group, a glucose group and aglucose plus diphenylene iodonium (DPI) group. Intracellular ROS was detected by lfow cytometry. RNA and protein expression of NOX in HUVECs was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Results: 1) Compared with the control group, the intracellular ROS were signiifcantly increased in the glucose group (P<0.05,n=3), but there were no signiifcant change in the glucose plus DPI group (P>0.05,n=3); 2) Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of NOX4 in the glucose group were signiifcantly increased (P<0.05), but there were no signiifcant change in the mRNA and protein expression of NOX2, p22phox, p67phox and rac (allP>0.05); 3) there were no signiifcant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of NOX2, NOX4, p22phox, p67phox and rac between the glucose plus DPI group and the control group (allP>0.05). Conclusion: High glucose may increases intracellular ROS generation by increasing the expression of NOX4 in HUVECs, which might mediate the oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the clinical effect of the direct popliteal artery perforator flap.Methods Thirty embalmed lower limbs of adult cadavers which perfused with red latex were used to dissection,major observations were the origin,perforators and anastomoses regulations of the direct popliteal artery.Based on the anatomical study,direct popliteal artery perforator flaps were designed and used clinically to 7 patients who had soft tissue defects in popliteal fossa.Results The direct popliteal artery perforator was direct started from lateral wall of the superior segment of popliteal artery,and about 7-11 cm above knee joint.Then it goes up along the middle line of posterior region of thigh,and pierced from the carvity between semitendinosus and biceps femoris and gave off several branches in superficial fascia.Finally,these branches anastomoses with many perforating branches which were gave off form deep femoral artery (the 1st to 3rd perforator artery),obturator artery and lateral circumflex femoral artery.Clinically,all flaps were survived eventually,and 6 of them were healed quickly,only 1 case needed to change dressings to healed its partial necrosis for the pedicle had too much soft tissues and too swelling to block its blood supply.After 2-12 months of following-up,the colors and appearances of these flaps were excellent,and the function of knees were nearly normal.Conclusion Direct popliteal artery perforator flap has relatively constant location and sufficient blood supply to use in clinical application,it is safe and easy to use for recovering soft tissue defects in popliteal fossa.

Apoptosis of cancer cells between the gastric and intestinal-type human gastric carcinoma were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene MDM2 and CD68, the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of MDM2 and CD6. The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of MDM2 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The MDM2 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node metastasis ratio was found between the two gastric carcinoma types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The CD68 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 MDM2-positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 MDM2-negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). CD68 positive ratio in the 25 MDM2-negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the cancer nest, most CD68 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the cancer tissue. In the high-AI cases, CD68-positive cells increased. And the CD68-positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of MDM2 and lymph node metastasis, but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the CD68-positive cells increased in MDM2-negative cases.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors associated with in-hospital death in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HIV-TB). Methods A retrospective case-control study was performed in patients admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from November 2004 to May 2009. Fifty-three HIV-TB patients who died during hospitalization were matched with 79 HIV-TB co-infected patients who survived during hospitalization.Clinical, demographic, and radiological characteristics of the two groups were compared by the retrospective case-control study method. Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors contributing to death in HIV-TB co-infected patients. Results Among the 459 co-infected patients, 53 (11.5%) cases died during hospitalization and 25 cases died during the first week in hospital. Sixty-four point two percent dead patients (34/53) died from tuberculosis. Several factors were associated with worse prognosis in the death group compared to the survival group, which included body weight≤50 kg (χ2 = 7.50), positive for acid-fast bacilli in sputum smear or culture exam (χ2= 4. 04, 14. 27), drug-resistant/multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (χ2 =9.00,6.39), extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infection (χ2 =6.99), retreated tuberculosis (χ2 = 5. 92), non-standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment (χ2 = 12. 07), extensive pulmonary TB infection (lesions ≥50% of lung fields, χ2 = 20. 21), co-infection with fungi (χ2 =3.46), respiratory failure (χ2 = 4.27), non-pulmonary organ impairment (χ2 = 3.46), HIV infection longer than 5 years (χ2 = 7. 19), non-standardized highly active antiretroviral therary treatment (χ2 =5.16) and CD4+ T lymphocyte count ≤ 200 × 106/L (χ2= 12.99) (all P＜0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that non-standardized anti-TB treatment, extensive pulmonary TB infection, multi-drug resistant TB infection and CD4+ T lymphocyte count ≤ 200 × 106/L were the major risk factors related to in-hospital mortality. Conclusions Non-standardized anti-TB treatment,extensive pulmonary TB infection, multi-drug resistant TB infection and CD4+ T lymphocyte count ≤200 × 106/L are the major risk factors related to in-hospital mortality in the patients co-infected with TB and HIV.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the clinical application of venous nutrition flap pedicled by medial plantar artery of the hallux on the medical aspect of the foot.

METHODSBased on the anastomoses between the medial plantar artery of the hallux and the nutritional vein, the flap was designed with the perforator of medial plantar artery adjacent to the first metatarsal bone as the rotation point. The flap axis was along the vein at the medial aspect of the foot between rotation point and medial malleolus.

RESULTS5 cases were treated with primary healing and complete survival flaps. The patients were followed up for 1-12 months with good match of texture and color.

CONCLUSIONSThe venous nutrition flap pedicled by medial plantar artery of the hallux on the medical aspect of the foot can be transpositioned to repair the defect at forefoot.

Arteries ; Forefoot, Human ; Hallux ; blood supply ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Veins ; Wound Healing

Objective To explore the correlations of adult attachment with interpersonal conflict resolu-tions styles and differences between soldiers and employees. Methods Relationship questionnaire (RQ),experi-ence in close relationships (ECR),and Rahim handling interpersonal conflict inventory (ROCI-II) were adminis-tered to 543 employees from different enterprises in Beijing and Liaoning province and 701 soldiers. Results The results suggested the distribution of adult attachment style between soldiers and employees were significantly differ-ent. Compared with employees, there were higher dismissing hat lower secure rate in soldier sample. On handling interpersonal conflict strategy indices, such as integrating, avoiding, dominating and obliging but not compromising (t_((1120))=1.97, P<0.05), there were no significant differences between soldiers and employees. Only on in-tegrating, there were significant ditterenees among four adult attachment styles (F_((3,1009))=10.18, P<0.001).Attachment avoidance had a significantly negative correlation with integrating, obliging and compromising (r=-0.31,-0.11,-0.13 respectively), while attachment anxiety had moderate but significant correlations with a-voiding, dominating and obliging and compromising (r=0. 16,0.35, 0.35, 0.39, 0.30 respectively). Conclu-sion Adult attachment is closely related to handling interpersonal conflict strategies, and there was difference on compromising between soldiers and employees.

Apoptosis of cancer cells between the gastric and intestinal-type human gastric carcinoma were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene MDM2 and CD68, the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells.Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of MDM2 and CD6. The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60±2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P＜0.01). In the 30intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of MDM2 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P＜0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P＜0.01). The MDM2 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (x2=4.68, P＜0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P＞0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P＜0.01). A significant difference in lymph node metastasis ratio was found between the two gastric carcinoma types (x2=4.48, P＜0.05).The CD68 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P＜0.01). AI of 25 MDM2-positive cases was much lower than that of the 23MDM2-negative cases (t=7.80, P＜0.01). CD68 positive ratio in the 25 MDM2-negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90,P＜0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the cancer nest, most CD68 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the cancer tissue. In the high-AI cases, CD68-positive cells increased. And the CD68-positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (x2=9.64, P＜0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of MDM2 and lymph node metastasis, but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases,AI and the CD68-positive cells increased in MDM2-negative cases.

BACKGROUND:In previous studies, the dehydrothermal cross-linking method was modified by the authors to improve the degradation property of colagen scaffolds. The cross-linking time was increased from 24 to 48 hours, and the cross-linking temperature increased from 105 to 115℃. OBJECTIVE:To verify the anti-degradation ability of colagen scaffolds prepared using the modified dehydrothermal cross-linking method and to obtain the optimal efficacy of the scaffolds on damaged tissue repair and regeneration. METHODS: Highly-purified type I colagen scaffolds with native triple helix structure were prepared and subjected to three different dehydrothermal cross-linking conditions: 105℃ for 24 hours, 105℃ for 48 hours and 115℃ for 24 hours. Material samples, 1 cm×1 cm, were implanted subcutaneously into the rat dorsum. The specimens were harvested at 3 days, 14 days and 42 postoperative days folowed by fixation and histological analysis using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No untoward foreign body and immunological reactions were observed in any groups. In the group of 105℃ for 48 hours, the scaffold retention and degree of pore openness were better than the other two groups at 14 days after scaffold implantation (P < 0.05). These findings indirectly suggest that the anti-degradation ability of colagen scaffolds can be strengthened under certain dehydrothermal cross-linking conditions: the cross-linking time is increased from 24 to 48 hours.