OBJECTIVETo investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses in Mianyang of the Sichuan province.

METHODSEIISA was used for detecting anti-HAV IgG, HBsAg/HBsAb, anti-HCV IgG and anti-HEV IgG of the serum samples. All sample were collected in Mianyang areas in 2007.

RESULTS1352 samples were detected. The positive rates of anti-HAV, HBsAg/HBsAb, anti-HCV,and anti-HEV are 81.07% (1096/1352), 5.40% (73/1352) and 61.32% (829/1352), 0.37% (5/1352) and 49.26% (666/1352), respectively. The positive rate at different age group, for anti-HAV was 38.21% of 10-19 years old, 83% of 20-29 years old, 88% of 30-39 years old, 95.03% of 40-49 years old, 97% of 50-59 years old, 97.77% of 60-69 years old, 97.52% of > or =70 years old. For HBsAg/HBsAb were 5.65% or 50.83%, 10.0% or 68.0%, 5.20% or 78.80%, 5.97% or 78.11%, 6.50% or 62.50%, 1.12% or 51.40%, 4.96% or 30.58% at the same age group, respectively,for anti-HCV, was 0.33% of 10-19 years old, 0.80% of 30-39 years, 0.56% of 60-69 years old, 0.83% of > or =70 years old.For HEV-IgG was 26.58% of 10-19 years old, 42.0% of 20-29 years old, 55.22%-61.0% of 30-> or =70 years old, for anti-HEV IgM, was 10.06% (53/527) in the positive samples of HEV-IgG.

CONCLUSIONThe inoculation againt HAV and HBV is enhanced in the young population. HBsAg carrier and HCV infection is decreasing. The HEV infection is actually increasing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepacivirus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; classification ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Hepatovirus ; classification ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: To investigate the musculoskeletal manifestations and factors aggravating hepatic enzyme in patients with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viral infection. METHODS: Eighty seven patients with HBV (72 patients) and HCV (15 patients) infection complaining of musculoskeletal symptoms were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: Extrahepatic manifestations of patients with hepatitis viral infection were arthralgia/ arthritis (77%/72%), dermatologic manifestations(16%), neurologic manifestations (11%), and constitutional symptoms (6%). The kinds and the incidence of extrahepatic symptoms were not different between two viral infections. The rheumatologic diagnosis of patients with hepatitis viral infection were RA (41%), fibromyalgia (13%), Sj gren's syndrome (7%), SLE (5%), sacroiliitis (5%), Behcet's disease (5%), carpal tunnel syndrome (3%), and unclassified arthritis (32%). The diagnosis were not different between the two groups. There was no association of the hepatitis viral infection with any specific rheumatic disease. The patterns of arthritis were polyarthritic (79%), oligoarthritic (16%), and monoarthritic (5%) and the involvement sites were peripheral (89%), root (38%), and axial(29%). The involvement of root joint in patients with HBV (41%) infection was more frequent than HCV (22%) infection (p<0.05). The involvement of axial and peripheral joint was not different between the two groups. The prevalence of rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear antibody were 48% and 21% in patients with hepatitis viral infection respectively. Patients taking steroid, hydroxychloroquine, bucillamine, or combined disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) tended to have aggravated hepatic enzyme level (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The patients with hepatitis viral infection showed various musculoskeletal manifestations without relation to any specific rheumatic disease. The patients with HBV infection had more involvement in root joint than HCV infection. The steroid, hydroxychloroquine, bucillamine, or combined DMARDs were related to aggravated hepatic enzyme.
Antirheumatic Agents ; Arthritis ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Fibromyalgia ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatovirus ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Incidence ; Joints ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Sacroiliitis

No abstract available.
Adult ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Immunization ; Influenza, Human ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Tetanus ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Hepatitis A/prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies/*blood ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*immunology ; Humans ; Korea ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

No abstract available.
Hepatitis A/prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies/*blood ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*immunology ; Humans ; Korea ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the simple infection and super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV in patients with viral hepatitis.

METHODSUsing EIA method to detect anti-HAV IgM, HBV serum markers, anti-HCV IgM, anti-HDV IgM, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HGV IgM in viral hepatitis patients with different clinical types.

RESULTSSeventy-three percent patients (154/210) had HBV infection markers, twenty-nine percent patients (61/210) had HAV infection marker, eight percent patients (17/210) had HCV, HDV infection markers, ten percent patients (21/210) had HEV infection and seven percent patients (15/210) had HGV infection. Only nine percent patients (20/210) had viral hepatitis serum markers negative. In all clinical types, sixty-one percent patients had only one type hepatitis virus infection, thirty-two percent patients had two types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection, six percent patients had three types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection. Super/co-infection often occurred in patients who had cirrhosis or hepatic failure.

CONCLUSIONHBV and HAV infection is very common in viral hepatitis patients, whereas HCV, HDV, HEV and HGV infection is relatively low; double super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV frequently occurs in severe patients with viral hepatitis.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; GB virus C ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis A virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis E ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Superinfection

Infection-induced acute hepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis is associated with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis E virus. Although rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection should be considered also in the differential diagnosis if the patient has acute hepatitis combined with pancreatitis. We report a case of EBV infection with cholestatic hepatitis and pancreatitis with review of literature. An 11-year-old female was admitted due to 1-day history of abdominal pain and vomiting without any clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Diagnosis of reactivated EBV infection was made by the positive result of viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM, VCA IgG, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and heterophile antibody test. We performed serologic tests and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to exclude other viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disorder, and structural problems. The patient's symptoms recovered rapidly and blood chemistry returned to normal with conservative treatment similar to previously reported cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Bacterial Infections ; Capsid ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Cholestasis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis E virus ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; Pancreatitis ; Serologic Tests ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Assessing the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines is important because some people receive only a single dose. However, previous studies have shown variable results and have not examined the effects of demographic characteristics other than gender. This study was performed to examine the immunogenicity of a single dose of HAV vaccine according to the vaccine type and demographic characteristics in young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seronegative medical school students were randomly allocated to receive either Havrix or Epaxal. RESULTS: After approximately 11 months, the seroconversion rate in 451 participants was 80.7%. In men, the Havrix group showed a significantly higher seroconversion rate (81.9%) than the Epaxal group (69.2%), whereas both vaccine groups showed similarly high immunogenicity in women (Havrix: 90.1%, Epaxal: 92.9%; P for interaction=0.062). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, Epaxal showed significantly lower immunogenicity than Havrix only in men. Age, obesity, drinking, smoking, and follow-up time did not significantly affect seroconversion in either gender. CONCLUSION: The seroconversion rate of single-dose HAV vaccines was low in men, particularly in those who received Epaxal. Our results suggest that gender effects should be considered when comparing the immunogenicity of different HAV vaccines.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis A/*immunology/*prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*immunology/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) is a major public health concern in the Philippines where one out of eight Filipinos is infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Studies in the US among family physicians and in Canada among family medicine trainees have found that there were knowledge gaps with regards to CHB.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge on prevention, detection, and management of Chronic Hepatitis B among family medicine residents in Metro Cebu.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire focused on Hepatitis B vaccination, screening of at-risk patients, diagnostic testing, recognizing and managing patients with CHB and cirrhosis. The tool was adopted from a nationwide survey of Canadian family medicine trainees on hepatitis B. This was distributed to all family medicine residents of accredited training hospitals in Cebu.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine family medicine residents in total were able to participate in the survey. On routine vaccination for hepatitis B, 69% respondents recommended it to their patients. However, only 5% were able to correctly identify the recommended screening tests for Hepatitis B status and 36% of respondents used ALT/AST as an initial screening test for HBV. In correctly interpreting serologic patterns of HBV, 72% to 87% were able to answer correctly but only 8% were able to identify CHB patients who are at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
CONCLUSION: Results show that family medicine residents of Cebu need a review and an update in their knowledge on vaccination, use of appropriate screening tests, identifying risk factors for hepatitis B and recognizing those at risk for cirrhosis. Improvements in this area could help the trainees in decreasing risk of transmission for HBV; assist patients in receiving appropriate counsel, medical service and proper monitoring and assessment for treatment.

Human ; Hepatitis B Virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Family Practice ; Liver Neoplasms ; Hepatitis B ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVETo observe the status of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic viral hepatitis patients with non-A to E hepatitis virus infection and explore the diagnostic value of fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) technique for occult hepatitis B virus infection.

METHODSThe amount of HBV-DNA in serum and liver tissue from 57 patients with non-A to E hepatitis virus infection who were diagnosed as chronic viral hepatitis by Menghini method liver biopsy were detected by using FQ-PCR technique, then the relation between the viral load of HBV DNA in liver tissue and hepatic inflammatory activity were analyzed.

RESULTSThirteen (22.81%), 22 (38.60%) patients were positive for HBV DNA in serum and liver tissue, respectively. The positive rate and the level of HBV DNA quantity in liver tissue were significantly higher than those in serum; HBV DNA was found positive in both serum and liver tissue in 13 cases, negative in both serum and liver tissue in 35, positive in liver tissue but negative in serum in 9, and in none of the cases HBV DNA was positive in serum but negative in liver tissue (P < 0.01). The logarithmic value of HBV DNA from 13 patients in liver tissue and in serum was respectively: (6.62 +/- 1.21) copies/g vs.(4.03 +/- 1.06) copies/ml, P < 0.01. The hepatic lesions of all HBV DNA positive patients were active pathologic changes, but the level of HBV DNA in liver tissue was not significantly correlated with the grade of hepatic inflammation activity (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOccult HBV infection is the etiology of part of the chronic viral hepatitis patients with non-A-E hepatitis virus infection. Missed diagnosis will occur if diagnosis of hepatitis B is only based on detection of serum HBV markers. It is useful for improvement of the diagnostic level of HBV infection via detection of HBV DNA quantitatively in serum especially in liver tissue of chronic viral hepatitis patients with non-A-E hepatitis virus infection by using FQ-PCR technique. The chronic viral hepatitis patients with occult HBV infection should be also given effective anti-viral therapy.

Carrier State ; physiopathology ; DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B ; physiopathology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Hepatitis C ; physiopathology ; Hepatitis D ; physiopathology ; Hepatitis E ; physiopathology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; physiopathology ; Humans