1.Ascites, Hepatorenal Syndrome and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Portal Hypertension.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;56(3):168-185
Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and variceal hemorrhage are three major complications of portal hypertension. The diagnostic evaluation of ascites involves an assessment of its etiology by determining the serum-ascites albumin gradient and the exclusion of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Ascites is primarily related to an inability to excrete an adequate amount of sodium into urine, leading to a positive sodium balance. Sodium restriction and diuretic therapy are keys of ascites control. But, with the case of refractory ascites, large volume paracentesis and transjugular portosystemic shunts are required. In hepatorenal syndrome, splanchnic vasodilatation with reduction in effective arterial volume causes intense renal vasoconstriction. Splanchnic and/or peripheral vasoconstrictors with albumin infusion, and renal replacement therapy are only bridging therapy. Liver transplantation is the only definitive modality of improving the long term prognosis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
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Ascites/complications/*diagnosis/therapy
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Bacterial Infections/*diagnosis
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Hepatic Encephalopathy/complications
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Hepatorenal Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis/therapy
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Humans
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Hypertension, Portal/*complications
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Liver Transplantation
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Peritonitis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology
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Serum Albumin/administration & dosage
2.Clinical analysis of 38 patients with hepatorenal syndrome.
Yu WANG ; Yan CUI ; Ji-dong JIA ; Xiao-juan OU ; Lin-xue QIAN ; Fu-kui ZHANG ; Shan-shan YIN ; Xin-yan ZHAO ; Bao-en WANG
Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2003;11(10):628-628
Adult
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Aged
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Female
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Hepatitis B, Chronic
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complications
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Hepatorenal Syndrome
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diagnosis
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etiology
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therapy
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Humans
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Liver Cirrhosis
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complications
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Retrospective Studies