Schistosoma mansoni is highly endemic in Tanzania and affects all age groups at different degrees. However, its control approach does not include adult individuals who are equally at risk and infected. To justify the inclusion of adult individuals in MDA programs in Tanzania, the present study focused on determining the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities among adult individuals. This was a cross sectional study conducted among 412 adult individuals aged 18–89 years living in selected villages of Rorya and Butiama districts located along the shoreline of the Lake Victoria. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and socio-economic information of participants. Ultrasonographic examinations were conducted for all study participants using the Niamey protocol. A single stool sample was obtained from all study participants and examined for S. mansoni using the Kato-Katz technique. The study revealed a high prevalence of S. mansoni (56.3%), and the majority of infected individuals had a light intensity of infection. Ultrasonographic findings revealed that 22.4% of adult individuals had periportal fibrosis (PPF) (grade C–F), with 18.4% having grade C and D and 4% having grade E and F. Males had the highest prevalence of PPF (31.7% vs 10.8%, P < 0.001). Organomegaly was common with 28.5% and 29.6% having splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, respectively. S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities included PPF, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were common among adult individuals. To reduce the level of transmission of S. mansoni infection, planned mass drug administration campaigns should include adult individuals living in these villages.
Adult* ; Fibrosis ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Lakes ; Male ; Prevalence ; Schistosoma mansoni* ; Schistosoma* ; Schistosomiasis mansoni* ; Splenomegaly ; Tanzania* ; Ultrasonography ; Victoria

Ecthyma Gangrenosum is a rapidly progressing skin infection charact,erized by edema, hemorragic bullae and necrosis. Ecthyma Gangrenosum occurs almost exclusively in severely imrnunocompromised patients during the course of pseudomanas aeruginosa septisemia. A 5 month-old boy was transferred to our department because of multiple well defined central necrotic black-colored large erythematous bullae. In the bacterial cultures of skin, stool and liver aspiration fluid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown. In the abdominal ultrasonogram and computed tomogram, the multiple liver abscess, hepatomegaly and ascites were shown on both hepatic lobes. Herein we report a case of ecthyma gangrenosum associated with liver abscess.
Ascites ; Ecthyma* ; Edema ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver* ; Male ; Necrosis ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Skin ; Ultrasonography

With the development of gray scale ultrasonography, detection and evaluation of hepatic parenchymal diseaseincluding space occupying lesions are easitly performed and frequently used in the world. Thirty-five cases ofhistopathologically proven and ultrasonographically suggested hepatocellular carcinoma are retrospectivelystudied. The results were as follows; 1. Ultrasonographic findings of hepatocellular carcinoma show hyperechoicpattern in 22 cases (63%), hypoechoic pattern in 2 cases (6%), and mixed pattern in 11 cases (31%). 2. The marginof tumor is ill-defined in 19 cases (54%) and well defined in 16 cases (46%). 3. The size of tumor by sonographicmeasurement was larger than 5cm in diameter in 33 cases (94%). 4. The number of tumor is solitary in 19 cases andmultiple in 16 cases. The sites of involved lobe were right lobe in 22 cases (63%), left lobe in 2 cases (6%), andboth lobes in 11 cases (31%). 5. Associated sonographic findings were hepatomegaly with focal contour change in 25cases (71%), splenomegaly in 16 cases (46%), cirrhosis of liver in 15 cases (43%), ascites in 11 cases (31%) andtumoral thrombosis in portal vein in 8 cases (23%). 6. The sex ratio is 6:1 male predominence and the age rangesfrom 32 to 76 years with highest incidence in 5th and 6th decades.
Ascites ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Fibrosis ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Male ; Portal Vein ; Sex Ratio ; Splenomegaly ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography

The authors have studied the findings of radionuclear scanning, inferior vena cavography and ultrasonographyin 2 cases of Budd-chiari Sundrome experienced diffuse inhomogeneous uptake throughout enlarged liver without colddefects. Slightly increased activity in the central portion of liver in case I and markedly increased activity inthe caudate lobe in case II were observed. In inferior vena cavography, the dilated hepatic veins formingintrahepatic collaterals were seen in enlarged caudate lobe. Marked stenosis of I.V.C. at the level of confluenceto right atrium, intraluminal thrombosis of I.V.C., partial obstruction of hepatic veins by thrombi at theconfluent portion and systemic collaterals were noted in case I. In case II, abrupt conical obstruction of I.V.C.at the orgin of hepatic segment, which is consistent with membrane or web. was seen. Prominent systemiccollaterals were developed through the serpinginous margedly dilated azygos and hemiazygos veins, and splenorenalshunt. In ultrasonography, diffuse narrowing and obstruction of hepatic veins at eh confluent level by echogenicnodules were seen in 2 cases. Prominent intrahepatic venous collaterals were observed in case II.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Heart Atria ; Hepatic Veins ; Hepatomegaly ; Liver ; Membranes ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography ; Veins

We report a case of transient abnormal myelopoiesis in a Down syndrome fetus diagnosed at 28(+3) weeks of gestation that rapidly progressed to intrauterine death 10 days later. Fetal hepatosplenomegaly with cerebral ventriculomegaly, although not specific, may be a suggestive finding of Down syndrome with transient abnormal myelopoiesis. Prompt fetal blood sampling for liver function test and chromosomal analysis are mandatory for early detection and management.
Adult ; Down Syndrome/*ultrasonography ; Female ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Diseases/*diagnosis ; Hepatomegaly/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Leukocytosis/diagnosis ; *Myelopoiesis ; Pregnancy ; *Prenatal Diagnosis ; Splenomegaly/ultrasonography ; Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis

PURPOSE: We evaluated the abdominal uttrasonographic findings of Salmonellosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 64 patients who were confirmed as salmonellosis by blood culture. We retrospectively analyzed the abdominal ultrasonographic findings with particular attention to enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes(mesenteric lymphadenitis), thickening of bowel wall, especially terminal ileum and cecum(ileocecitis), hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, gallbladder wall thickening, and enlarged lymph nodes in porta hepatis. RESULTS: The 64 cases were observed as mesenteric lymph node enlargement(44 cases), wall thickening of the terminal ileum and cecum(36 cases), hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly(42 cases), minimal ascites(8 cases), gallbladder wall thickening(6 cases), and enlarged lymph nodes in porta hepatis(4 cases). No abnormal finding was seen in 10 patients. CONCLUSION: The mesenteric lymph node enlargement, wall thickening of the terminal ileum and cecum, hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, minimal ascites, gallbladder wall thickening, and enlarged lymph nodes in porta hepatis are suggestive findings of salmonellosis on abdominal ultrasonography in patients with fever and acute abdomen.
Abdomen, Acute ; Ascites ; Cecum ; Fever ; Gallbladder ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lymph Nodes ; Retrospective Studies ; Salmonella Infections* ; Splenomegaly ; Ultrasonography

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a very rare disease characterized by marked peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of organs such as the heart, nervous system, skin, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tracts, lung and urinary system. Clinical manifestation depends on the organ involved and the severity of infiltration. The only hepatic involvement is a very rare clinical finding in hypereosinophilic syndrome. Clinical evidence of hepatic involvement typified by hepatomegaly, abnormality of liver function tests and radiologic findings such as multiple intrahepatic lesions detected in ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT). We reported a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting as only hepatic involvement.
Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heart ; Hepatomegaly ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Lung ; Nervous System ; Rare Diseases ; Skin ; Spleen ; Ultrasonography

Primary carcinoma of the bile duct is uncommon but not rare and its prognosis is poor even though long-termsurvival had been reported. The authors presented 62 cases of bile duct cancer, which were confirmed at YUMC fromJan. 1971 to Dec. 1981. The results were as follows; 1. The most prevalent age group was 6th decade and a male-tofemale ratio was 1.9:1. 2. Jaundice was the most common clinical manifestations(84%), and followed by right
Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts ; Bile ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Prognosis ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Hepatic hemagioendothelioma in neonatal period was rarely seen, so standard treatment does not established yet.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients with neonatal hepatic hemangioendothelioma at Ajou University Hospital between 2001 and 2016 was performed.RESULTS: Six patients with hepatic hemangioendothelioma in neonatal period were founded. Mean age at diagnosis was 6.1 days (range, 1-26 days). Three patients have no symptoms; diagnostic approach was prenatal ultrasonography in 2 patients, and incidental abnormal ultrasonographic findings in 1 patient, but the other 3 patients have hepatomegaly and/or congestive heart failure. Three patients were observed without treatment and the other 3 patients received medical and/or surgical treatment. Three patients of those who did not receive treatment became spontaneous regression. Of the other 3 patients, 1 patient achieved complete tumor disappearance after surgical resection, another 1 patient achieved to decrease tumor size with interferon-alpha treatment for 6 months and then had complete resolution of tumor after partial liver lobectomy, and other 1 patient who received hepatic artery embolization decreased in the size and number of lesions and then regressed gradually.CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic patients with neonatal hepatic hemangioendothelioma could have spontaneous remission, but patients with symptoms such as hepatomegaly with congestive heart failure or thrombocytopenia needed to be applied with medical and/or surgical treatment.
Diagnosis ; Heart Failure ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Liver ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombocytopenia ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Zellweger syndrome is a lethal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, neonatal seizure, psychomotor retardation, facial dysmorphism, and hepatomegaly. It is characterized by an absence or marked decrease of the number of peroxisomes. Children with Zellweger syndrome rarely survive their first year of life. Diagnosis depends on demonstration of elevated very long chain fatty acid in plasma and deficient activity of the peroxisomal enzyme. Chorionic villi sampling or the biochemical analysis of amniocytes makes it possible to identify a fetus affected by Zellweger syndrome during the first trimester of pregnancy. We experienced two cases of postnatally diagnosed Zellweger syndrome with mild sonographic abnormalities prenatally and report our cases with a brief review of literature.
Child ; Chorionic Villi Sampling ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetus ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Peroxisomes ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Seizures ; Ultrasonography* ; Zellweger Syndrome*