Hepatocytes ; immunology ; Liver Transplantation ; immunology

Animals ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Mice ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; cytology

The extensive regenerative capacity of hepatocytes and the key roles of the liver in metabolic processes have generated interest in the liver as an appropriate target for cell and gene therapy. If cells were considered as natural biomaterials, then liver cell transplantation would fall within the general field of bioengineering. While unmodified hepatocytes engraft in the liver and ectopic sites, biological modifications and optimization of bioengineered systems would facilitate engraftment and survival of transplanted cells, especially in ectopic locations. Acute liver failure, chronic liver disease and metabolic deficiency states are among the conditions that can potentially be treated by cell transplantation. In acute liver failure, cell transplantation into the liver, along with the creation of an extrahepatic reservoir of cells might be required because engraftment and proliferation of transplanted cells in the liver needs time. In other situations, gradual liver repopulation alone might well be effective without additional manipulations.
Animal ; Biocompatible Materials* ; Biomedical Engineering* ; Hepatocytes/transplantation* ; Human ; Liver*

Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Hepatocytes ; transplantation ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; surgery

Hepatocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; transplantation ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; therapy ; Living Donors ; Tissue Donors

Female ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; transplantation ; Humans ; Liver ; cytology ; Liver Failure ; surgery ; Male ; Tissue Donors

Animals ; Hepatocytes ; transplantation ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; genetics ; surgery ; therapy ; Liver Failure ; surgery

Cells, Cultured ; Hepatocytes ; transplantation ; Humans ; Liver ; cytology ; Liver, Artificial ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Hepatocytes ; transplantation ; Humans ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic

The recurrence of viral hepatitis B or C after liver transplantation is almost universal but their clinical courses and outcomes are vary widely. We investigated four cases of rapidly progressive and fatal recurrent viral hepatitis following liver transplantation, which were rapidly progressive and fatal. Case 1 was a 58-year-old male, who developed recurrent viral hepatitisC. Case 2, 3, and 4 were a 59-year-old female, a 42-year-old male, and a 50-year-old male, respectively, who developed recurrent viral hepatitis B. In cases 1 and 2, the histopathological features of the first liver biopsies were prominent ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes but later biopsies revealed significant lobular activity. Case 3 began with a marked fatty change and mild lobular and porto-periportal activity and progressed to severe lobular activity and septal fibrosis. In case 4, the first liver biopsy revealed minimal lobular activity but the second biopsy revealed severe lobular activity.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence