New measurement method for Sp factors (Phantom Scatter Factors) is presented. The theoretical development of the approach is disscused showing that Sp factors can be obtained from three measurements of ionnization in a blocked, reference field and open field. This method has been tested using 60Co gamma rays. The results were within 1% deviation between the theory and the experiment for the Sp facter. The new method does not need air measurement, and we could determine the Sp p factors with a small piece of block.
Gamma Rays ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor*

Total scatter factor (Scp), head scatter factor (Sc) and phantom scatter factor (Sp) are very important for accurate radiation therapy at stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with irregular field shape using micro-MLC and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) including many small field sizes. In this study we measured and compared Scp with reference ion chamber, pinpoint chamber and diode detector and adapted the resuls form diode detector. Head scatter factors for small field sizes were also measured with diode detector covered 1.5 cm-thick solid water build-up cap. Some errors like as electron contamination of 1~3% were included in the values of Sc but trend of total results of Sc was coincided with basic theory. Phantom scatter factors for small field sizes were calculated form Scp and Sc. The results of Sp were compared and were well-agreed with those of other authors.
Electrons ; Head ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Radiosurgery ; Water

No abstract available.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor* ; Hepatocytes* ; Placenta* ; Pre-Eclampsia*

PURPOSE: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a modulator of epithelial cell proliferation and motility. In this study, we measured the level of HGF in sera and tumor extracts of gastric adenocarcinoma using an enzyme-linked immunoassay and evaluated its association with tumor progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of HGF in the sera of seventy-five patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and in the tumor extracts of forty-two tumors were examined in this study. The level of HGF was determined by an Immunis HGF EIA kit (Institute of Immunology). RESULTS: The mean level of HGF in the sera of patients was 0.26+/-0.19 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than in those of healthy controls (0.14+/-0.07 ng/ml, p<0.05); the levels of HGF in the sera of patients increased according to the progression of the stage of cancer (p<0.05). The mean level of HGF in tumor extracts was 8.22+/-9.27 microgram/g protein, which was significantly higher than in those of healthy controls (1.95+/-1.45 microgram/g protein, p<0.05); the levels of HGF in the tumor extracts were correlated significantly with the progression of the tumor stage (p<0.05). The mean level of HGF in the tumors of diffuse type was 11.28+/-11.74 microgram/g protein, which was significantly higher than in those of intestinal type (5.16+/-4.31 microgram/g protein, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: HGF may play an important role in the progression and differentiation of gastric adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Epithelial Cells ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor* ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Immunoassay

Dysregulated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in human cancer cells leads to tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The receptor tyrosine kinase cMET is frequently overexpressed in cancer tissue, and activation of cMET signaling is related to drug resistance and the processes of carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis. For that reason, cMET and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), are considered prime targets for the development of anticancer drugs. At least eight anti-cMET and four anti-HGF antibodies have been tested or are being tested in clinical trials. However, to date none of these HGF/cMET inhibitors have shown significant efficacy in clinical trials. Furthermore, no receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors primarily targeting cMET have been approved. Given that neutralization of HGF or cMET does not cause significant adverse effects, inhibition of the HGF/cMET signaling pathway appears to be safe. In this review, we summarized the completed and ongoing clinical trials testing antibody- or protein-based anticancer drugs targeting cMET and HGF.
Antibodies ; Carcinogenesis ; Drug Resistance ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels and the process of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Fourteen patients who had undergone vitrectomy were included in the study. Eight were diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and six were non-diabetic controls. Vitreous and serum HGF was identified by Western blot analysis and then the level of HGF was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Western blot analysis confirmed 69kD polypeptide of HGF in vitreous and in serum of all 14 patients. Intravitreal concentrations of HGF was higher in PDR patients than in non-diabetic patients (p<0.01). However no significant differences was found between two groups regarding serum concentrations of HGF (p>0.05). While PDR patients did not show any correlation between the serum and the vitreous levels of HGF, control subjects showed a statistical significance (correlation coefficient=0.829; p=0.042). The ratio of serum HGF to vitreous HGF concentration was remarkably higher in PDR patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our result showed that increased concentration of HGF in vitreous seemed to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of PDR. Therefore vitreous level of HGF could be utilized as an indicator of the progression of PDR.
Blotting, Western ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor* ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Vitrectomy

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a glycoprotein secreted from stromal fibroblasts which bind to the transmembrane Met receptor. This receptor is expressed from a variety of tumors, including gastric carcinomas. To look for a possible paracrine loop between gastric cancer cells and their surrounding fibroblasts in a gastric carcinoma, the effect of HGF on the morphology and expression of the cell- adhesion molecule E-cadherin was examined using fifty resected gastric carcinomas. The expression of Met and E-cadherin in primary gastric carcinoma was examined using immunohistochemical staining. The level of HGF in the tumor extracts was determined by using an Immunis HGF EIA kit (Institute of Immunology). The levels of HGF in the tumor extracts correlated significantly with the progression of the tumor stage (p<0.05). The mean level of HGF was significantly higher in the tumors of an undifferentiated type than in those of a differentiated type (p<0.05). Eighty-two percent (82%) of the tumors showed increased Met expression, but no significant correlation was found between Met expression and tumor progression or differentiation. Twenty-six (52%) tumors revealed a preserved E-cadherin expression similar to that of a normal gastric mucosa. Abnormal E-cadherin expression was found in twenty-four tumors (48%). There was a significant correlation between the degree of E-cadherin expression and the progression and differentiation of the tumor. The level of HGF in a tumor with cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression was significantly higher than that with membranous E-cadherin expression. In conclusion : we can conclude that HGF has the ability to modulate E-cadherin expression and induce intracellular translocation of E-cadherin in gastric carcinomas.
Cadherins* ; Cytoplasm ; Fibroblasts ; Gastric Mucosa ; Glycoproteins ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Stomach Neoplasms

Animals ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; Serine Endopeptidases

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of hepatocyte growth factor on the proliferation of dental pulp cell.

METHODSThe 4th generation dental pulp cell cultured in vitro was used as target cell. 1- 200 microg/L hepatocyte growth factor was added in the test group while the pure cell culture DMEM as control. The MTT method and flowcytometry were applied to assay the proliferation and cell cycle of dental pulp cell of different groups.

RESULTS1-200 microg/L hepatocyte growth factor showed promoting effect to the proliferation of pulp cell since the 5th day (P < 0.05). 100 microg/L was found to be the optimal concentration. Also on the 5th day, 100 microg/L hepatocyte growth factor decreased the G1 subcycle and increased the S subcycle of dental pulp cell ( P < 0.05). While on the 3rd day, it had no effect on the cell cycle.

CONCLUSIONHepatocyte growth factor had positive effect on the proliferation of dental pulp cell, with 100 microg/L as the optimal concentration.

Animals ; Estradiol ; blood ; pharmacology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar