<b>OBJECTIVEb>To investigate the positive ratio and clinical significance of PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

<b>METHODSb>428 patients with chronic HBV infection were collected, these patients were divided into e antigen-positive CHB group, e antigen-negative CHB group, inactive HBsAg carrier group and HBsAg serum conversion group. The difference of positive ratio of PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 among all groups or between every two groups were analyzed; The relationship of PreS1Ag and anti-PreS1 with HBV M and HBV DNA were also analyzed. SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical treatment. Fourfold table chi-square test or matched-pairs chi-square test was used for enumeration data, and independent sampler t test or rank-sum test was used for measurement data.

<b>RESULTSb>The differences of PreS1Ag among four groups were statistically significant (X2=141.7, P<0.05). The positive ratio of PreS1Ag in e antigen-positive CHB group was 95.7%, followed by 82.8% in e antigen-negative CHB group, 13.2% in inactive HBsAg carrier group and 2.2% in HBsAg serum conversion group. The difference of positive ratio of anti-PreS1 between HBsAg seroconversion group and HBsAg positive group was statistically significant (X2=6.919, P<0.05), which indicated that anti-PreS1 had good correlation with HBsAg seroconversion. The average absorbance ratio of PreS1Ag in high viral replication group (179.30) was higher than that in low viral replication group (133.87), statistical significance appeared (Z=-3.86, P<0.05). Though the difference of absorbance ratio of anti-PreS1 between two groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05), descent trend was apparent with virus replication level ascending. We analyzed the concordance of anti-HBs and anti-PreS1 by matched-pairs chi-square test, result showed no statistical significance of detection rate between them, X2=0.262, P>0.05. Serum PreS1Ag, HBeAg or HBcAg in liver tissue in reflecting hepatitis B replication had correlation with HBV DNA (X2=33.840, 24.159, 4.854 in order, P<0.05). Correlation coefficient between PreS1Ag and HBV DNA was higher (r=0.628) than that between HBeAg and HBV DNA (r=0.563).

<b>CONCLUSIONb>PreS1Ag was more sensitive than HBeAg in diagnosing viral replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Anti-PreS1 as protective antibody may be involved in clearance of hepatitis B, positive result indicated recovery of chronic hepatitis B.

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Precursors ; blood ; immunology

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. The recognition of the problem led to a worldwide effort to reduce transmission of HBV through routine infant vaccination. HBV infection is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. After hepatitis B vaccine era, seroprevalence of hepatits B surface antigen is decreasing, particularly in children. Hepatitis B vaccine is remarkably safe and shows high immunogenicity. Universal childhood immunization with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine in the first year of life is a highly effective method for prevention and control of hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B/*epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood/immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Vaccination

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To analyze the information of the supplementary card for hepatitis B and the laboratory confirmed result of immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B virus (HBV) Core Antigen (anti-HBc IgM) for the suspected acute hepatitis B to evaluate the hepatitis B report data on pilot surveillance.

<b>METHODSb>200 counties were established in China for hepatitis B pilot surveillance and 63 641 cases were reported. We added a supplementary card in National Notificable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) and all the reported hepatitis B cases in NNDRS were required to fill the supplementary card. Venous blood 5 ml was collected and a confirmed test of anti-HBc IgM was made for suspected acute hepatitis B. We made confirmed diagnosis for the suspected acute hepatitis B according to the supplementary card information of the reporting card and the confirmed test result of anti-HBc IgM.

<b>RESULTSb>63 641 hepatitis B cases were reported in 200 hepatitis B pilot surveillance counties in 2013. Among 1 723 cases which were filled with the HBsAg positive within six months in supplementary card, 735 cases were reported as chronic hepatitis B, the proportion was 42.66%. Among 4 582 cases which were filled with anti-HBc IgM positive in supplementary card, 2 436 cases were reported as acute hepatitis B, the proportion was 53.16%. 1 829 cases were reported as chronic hepatitis B, the proportion was 39.92%. The validity cases of the information for liver puncture and the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) transform during the recovery period in supplementary cards for all the reporting cases were 579 and 4 961, and the rate were 0.91% and 7.80%, respectively. 4 302 suspected acute cases were made confirmed diagnosis, and 1 197 cases (27.82%) were confirmed acute and 2 590 cases (60.20%) were confirmed chronic.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>Clinical doctors failed to make full use of the information of supplementary cards to make classification diagnose for hepatitis B. Suspected acute hepatitis B with anti-HBc IgM positive should be pay attention to follow up and further distinguish acute or chronic hepatitis B according to the HBsAg transform.

China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Sentinel Surveillance

Hepatitis B ; immunology ; virology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunologic Tests ; methods ; Virus Replication

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To observe the immunogenicity of combined hepatitis A and B vaccine (HAB).

<b>METHODSb>The combined HAB vaccine was prepared and different concentrations of HAB were administered on mice in week 0, 4 and 24, and then we tested the antibodies to both hepatitis A virus and B virus. After the first injection, we tested the hepatitis A antigen-induced and hepatitis B surface antigen-induced stimulation indices in spleen monocyte as well as changes of CD4+ and CD8+ cell numbers.

<b>RESULTSb>The serum antibody positive rates were 100% in all three groups, and the antibody induced by HAB vaccine were earlier than by monovalent vaccine. The hepatitis A antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody titers after the combined vaccine inoculation were not significantly higher than those after the monovalent vaccine inoculation. On the other hand, after the first injection of the combined vaccine, the hepatitis A antigen-induced and hepatitis B surface antigen-induced stimulation indices in spleen monocyte were detected. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells increased.

<b>CONCLUSIONSb>HAB vaccine has reliable immunogenicity.

Animals ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Hepatitis A ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; immunology ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Random Allocation ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Combined ; immunology

Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Risk Factors ; Vaccination

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To evaluate safety and immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in HBsAg carriers and healthy children.

<b>METHODSb>One hundred and twenty-one healthy children and ten HBsAg carriers, aged 1-10 years HAV susceptible were enrolled in the study. The inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was produced by Tangshan Biogenetic Company. The dosage of the vaccine was 1000 U/Dosage and 500 U/Dosage. The vaccination schedule was six month apart for two injections. The serum anti-HAV level was detected with EIA at one month after first injection and at one and six month after the booster injection, respectively.

<b>RESULTSb>The anti-HAV appeared in all the children. One month after the booster injection, the serum anti-HAV level in children vaccinated 500 U/Dosage was 4684.9 mIU and 4535.6 mIU, respectively and in the children vaccinated 1000 U/Dosage, 5399.8 mIU and 7347.1 mIU, respectively. The anti-HAV level was not statistically different between the two groups of children. There was no adverse reaction after the vaccination. The anti-HAV level was still high one year after first injection.

<b>CONCLUSIONSb>The data indicated that the safety and immunogenicity of the domestic inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were excellent in both groups of children.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; immunology

<b>OBJECTIVEb>The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-HBs persistence and the long term preventive efficacy after vaccination 23 years with plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine.

<b>METHODSb>The study consisted of 261 children who were 5 - 9 years aged, from two primary schools in two townships of Xi'an. 126 children were randomly selected as vaccine group, and 135 children in control group. These children were followed up again in 2009. Excluding self-inoculation, the vaccine and control groups were 81 and 75, who was used to ask to recall details of their experience for vaccination and liver-related illnesses during past twelve years. Individuals who had anti-HBs titers less 10 mIU/ml, HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV-DNA all were negative, were given a booster dose vaccine and retest for anti-HBs titer after one month.

<b>RESULTSb>After eliminated the interference of an early booster dose and vaccination outside the study, the positive rate of anti-HBs was 48.1% (39/81) in the vaccine group at year 23, higher than 34.7% (26/75) in control group. At year 23 after primary vaccination, 84.0% (21/25) individuals in the vaccine group whose anti-HBs and anti-HBc both are negative showed a stronger anamnestic response after received a booster dose, while 7.5% (3/40) in the control group. At year 23 after primary vaccination, none clinical case of hepatitis B was found among 194 individuals. However, anti-HBc positive rate in the vaccine group was 16.0% (13/81), while the rate in the control group was 30.7% (23/75) (χ(2) = 4.687, P < 0.05).

<b>CONCLUSIONb>At 23 years after implemented a full course of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine, the recipients of vaccine were maintained anti-HBs at a high level or strong immunological memory.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Immunologic Memory ; immunology ; Plasma ; immunology

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To investigate the dynamic changes of the anti-HBs level among immunized newborn infants born to HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative mothers in hyper-endemic area of Hepatitis B.

<b>METHODSb>Infants who were regularly vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine and tested to be anti-HBs positive were divided into two groups according to HBsAg-positive or negative mothers in Long-an, Guangxi. Each subject was followed up 3 times during age 5 to 8. SPRIA was used to test HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Results During the follow-up period, positive rates of anti-HBs in children born to HBsAg-positive mothers ranged between 52.00% and 78.00%, and those with HBsAg-negative mothers was between 43.84% and 54.74%. GMT in two groups was between 55.36 mIU/ml and 95.66 mIU/ml as well as between 39.90 mIU/ml and 65.47 mIU/ml, respectively. There was no statistical significance in both positive rates and GMT between age groups. The anti-HBs level in the follow-up period of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers was higher than that of those born to HBsAg-negative mothers in the same age group. In the age group of 6-8 years with HBsAg-negative mothers, the positive rates in the follow-up period of children with high anti-HBs titers in the primary vaccination were 2.29-2.84 times of those with low titers. The anti-HBs titer of children in a follow-up period was lower than that in the primary vaccination, no matter whether they were born to HBsAg-positive mothers. However, the decline rate of children born to HBsAg-negative mothers was significantly higher than those born to HBsAg-positive mothers (84.91% vs. 61.54%; chi2 = 28.7982, P = 0.000). The incidence rate (25.64%) of a 4-fold increase in antibody titers of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers was significantly higher than that of children born to HBsAg-negative mothers (7.37%) from the primary vaccination to the follow-up period (chi2 = 6.7661, P = 0.009) with was 3.5 times of the latter. Subjects with HBsAg seroconvertion were those with low anti-HBs titers in primary vaccination.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>The anti-HBs level decreased slowly in successfully immunized children from age 5 to 8. The chance of natural booster yielded by natural infection increased in immunized children born to HBsAg-positive mothers. The anti-HBs level in the primary vaccination played an important role in prevention of seroconversion of HBsAg.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans