Objective: To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the incidence of male immune infertility. METHODS: Based on the levels of serum HBsAg, 3 124 infertile men were classified into an HBV-positive and an HBV-negative group and, according to the results of IBT tests, those with immune infertility were further divided into an HBV-positive and an HBV-negative group. Statistical analyses were made on the incidence rate of immune infertility and seminal parameters in the immune infertility patients of the HBV-positive and HBV-negative groups, the correlation of the number of HBV DNA copies in the serum with that in the seminal plasma of the HBV-positive patients, the association of the numbers of HBV DNA copies in the serum and seminal plasma with semen parameters, and the relationship of the number of HBV DNA copies in the seminal plasma with the incidence of immune infertility. Sperm concentration and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) were measured by computer-aided sperm analysis, sperm morphology determined by Diff-Quik staining, the level of HBsAg detected by ELISA, and the numbers of HBV DNA copies in the serum and seminal plasma calculated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The incidence rate of immune infertility was significantly higher in the HBV-positive than in the HBV-negative group (20.3 vs 3.3%, χ2 = 187.5, P <0.01), and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (MNS) was markedly lower in the HBV-positive than in the HBV-negative infertility patients (［3.9 ± 1.7］ vs ［6.3 ± 2.2］%, P <0.05), but no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups of infertile males in the semen volume, sperm concentration, or PMS (P >0.05). The number of HBV DNA copies in the serum was positively correlated with that in the seminal plasma (rs = 0.86, P <0.01) while both the number of HBV DNA copies in the serum and that in the seminal plasma were negatively correlated with PMS (r = －0.233 and －0.465, P <0.01) and MNS (r = －0.250 and －0.508, P <0.01). The incidence rate of immune infertility showed no statistically significant differences among the groups with different numbers of HBV DNA copies in the seminal plasma (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS HBV infection can increase the incidence rate of immune infertility in men and is correlated with the low quality of sperm.
Hepatitis B ; complications ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility, Male ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count

Adult ; Aged ; B-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; pathology ; Lymphoma ; etiology ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Staining and Labeling

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To study the prevalence of SEN virus (SENV) infection in CHB patients in five cities of China.

<b>METHODSb>A nest-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used for detection of SENV-D and SENV-H in sera of 595 CHB patients from 5 cities of China and 96 normal individuals from Beijing. A total of 7 SENV strains were analyzed by direct sequencing.

<b>RESULTSb>The prevalence rates of SENV in CHB patients and normal individuals were 61.3% and 62.5%, respectively (chi(2) = 0.047, P = 0.829). The prevalence rates of CHB patients between 5 cities were different. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the homology between 4 SENV-D strains was 91% - 98% and 95% - 98% between 3 SENV-H strains isolated from 5 cities in China.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>SENV-D/H were prevalent in CHB patients of China and their prevalence rates were similar to that in normal individuals.

China ; epidemiology ; Circoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Circoviridae Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; DNA Virus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; DNA Viruses ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Enhanced replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is well described in the setting of moderate to severe immunosuppression. The aims of this retrospective study were to determine the incidence of enhanced HCV replication in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing transarterial chemolipiodolization (TACL) and to identify the factors associated with enhanced replication of HCV. The clinical pattern of enhanced HCV replication was compared with hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during TACL. METHODS: This study enrolled 49 anti-HCV-seropositive patients who were diagnosed with HCC between January 2005 and December 2010 and who underwent TACL using epirubicin and/or cisplatin with consecutive HCV RNA copies checked. For comparison, 46 hepatitis B surface antigen1-positive patients with HCC who were treated with TACL were also enrolled. The frequency, associated factors, and clinical outcomes of enhanced HCV replication were analyzed and compared with those of HBV reactivation during TACL. RESULTS: Enhanced replication of HCV occurred in 13 (26.5%) of the 49 anti-HCV-seropositive patients during TACL. Of these 13 patients, 4 developed hepatitis, but none of the subjects developed decompensation due to the hepatitis. No significant clinical factors for enhanced HCV replication during TACL were found. Compared with HBV reactivation, the frequency of hepatitis attributed to enhanced HCV replication was significantly lower than that for HBV reactivation (8.2% vs. 23.9%, P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: TACL can enhance HCV replication; however, the likelihood of hepatitis and decompensation stemming from enhanced HCV replication was lower than that for HBV reactivation in patients undergoing TACL.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications/*therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/*adverse effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepacivirus/drug effects/*physiology ; Hepatitis B/complications/epidemiology/virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B virus/drug effects/*physiology ; Hepatitis C/complications/epidemiology/virology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/complications/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Virus Activation ; *Virus Replication

Animals ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; etiology ; virology ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; complications ; virology ; Hepatitis C ; blood ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Syndrome ; etiology ; Mice ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood

<b>BACKGROUNDb>To study the relationship between HCV infection and the development of type II diabetes mellitus.

<b>METHODSb>1. The case record files of 126 patients with chronic hepatitis C vs. 227 with chronic hepatitis B were reviewed and the laboratory and demographic data were extracted. 2. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were determined for 160 type II diabetes patients and 223 healthy adults by ELISA.

<b>RESULTSb>1. The occurrence of diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 19.05%, higher than 8.37% in patients with chronic hepatitis B (P<0.01). Age and HCV infection were independent risk factors for diabetes. 2. Five patients with type II diabetes were anti-HCV positive (3.12%) while none of the 223 healthy adults was anti-HCV positive (P<0.05). Seven patients with diabetes (4.37%) and 12 healthy adults (5.38%)were HBsAg positive (P>0.05).

<b>CONCLUSIONSb>1. The occurrence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with HCV related liver disease than in patients with HBV related liver disease. 2. The occurrence of anti HCV was higher in diabetes patients than in healthy adults. HCV may play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Random Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

In order to evaluate the familial clustering of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infections and to elucidate the possible routes of HCV transmission among Korean adults with chronic liver disease, 137 household contacts of 51 chronic carriers of HBsAg and 111 household contacts of 38 controls, and 181 household contacts of 96 anti-HCV positives and 102 household contacts of 76 anti-HCV negatives were tested from July 1990 to March 1994. Of 71 non-vaccinated household contacts of HBsAg carriers, 10 gave positive result for HBsAg(14.1%), but none of the household contacts of the controls were positive for HBsAg(p< 0.05). Familial clustering of HBV infection was found, when the offspring of carriers and controls were compared. A significantly higher percentage of the offspring of carriers were positive for HBV infection(54.6% vs 15.4%, p< 0.05) with OR of 6.6(95% Cl; 1.3-34.5). No evidence of familial clustering of HCV infection was found with 2.2%(4/181) anti-HCV positivity among the household contacts of index cases, similar to 1.0%(1/102) among those of controls. History of acute hepatitis(OR 3.2), transfusion(OR 3.2), and acupuncture(OR 2.5) were associated with an increased risk of HCV infection. In conclusion, HBV has strong familial clustering whereas HCV does not in Korea.
Acupuncture Therapy/adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biological Markers ; Blood Transfusion/adverse effects ; Carrier State ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cluster Analysis ; Comorbidity ; Comparative Study ; Contact Tracing ; *Family Health ; Female ; Hepatitis B/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis C/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Human ; Infant ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers closely associated with chronic infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or the hepatitis C virus (HCV) throughout the world. In this study, the genetic associations of 20 known polymorphisms in eight candidate genes, including angiotensinogen (AGT), cadherin 1 (CDH1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES), thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), and thrombospondin 4 (THBS4), were analyzed in a large chronic hepatitis B cohort (n=1,095) recruited from the Korean population. In addition, three polymorphisms in chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and vimentin (VIM) identified in this study were also genotyped. Using logistic regression analysis controlling possible confounding factors, one common (freq.=0.367) promoter polymorphism of MCP1 (MCP1-2518G>A) among analyzed polymorphisms was significantly associated with clearance of HBV infection. The frequency of homozygotes for the MCP1-2518A allele (MCP1-2518A/A) among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier patients was significantly higher than that among spontaneously recovered (SR) subjects (17.7% vs. 10.4%)(OR=1.78, P=0.004). Our findings imply a plausible explanation for the contribution of host genetic determinants to the variable outcome of HBV infection, which might provide valuable information for future genetic study in this area.
Promoter Regions (Genetics)/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Hepatitis B virus/*physiology ; Hepatitis B/complications/*genetics/therapy/*virology ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Female ; Chemokine CCL2/*genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology/etiology/genetics/virology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

<b>Objective:b> To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and mutations on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to establish a new qualified HCC risk scores. <b>Methods:b> A cohort study enrolling patients with chronic HBV infection was conducted. HBV genotypes were identified by nested multiplex PCR. HBV mutations in the basic core promoter region and PreS region were sequenced after PCR amplification. Scores on risk factors were set based on nomogram. <b>Results:b> Totally, 1 525 patients were followed-up in this research. A total of 1 110 patients infected with genotype C were followed-up for 8.52 (Q(R): 5.36-11.68) years on average, of whom the incidence of HCC was 11.93/1 000 person-years. In genotype C HBV infected patients, male gender, aged 40 years and over, and four DNA mutations (T1674CG, A1762T/G1764A, A3120T, and A2962G) can increase the risk of HCC (P<0.05); interferon therapy can reduce the risk of HCC (P<0.05). A new HCC predicting model was established according to the results. After validation, the predicted disease-free survival rate was consistent with the real one. <b>Conclusions:b> Hepatitis B virus genotypes and mutations were closely associated with HCC. The new risk scoring system can well predict HCC occurrence in genotype C HBV infected patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; DNA, Viral/genetics* ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/virology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To analyze the development of liver damage and reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during the treatment of extremely severe burn injury in HBsAg positive patients, in order to provide reference for prevention and treatment of liver damage in patients with HBV infection after extremely severe burn.

<b>METHODSb>Medical records of 54 HBsAg positive patients after extremely severe burn injury admitted from January 2004 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Development of liver damage and HBV reactivation of these patients during the treatment were analyzed according to the classification of their gender, results of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA examinations on admission, and development of sepsis in the process of treatment. Data were processed with chi-square test.

<b>RESULTSb>(1) The incidence of liver damage in the process of treatment of these patients was 85.2% (46/54). Among all the patients, the proportion of liver damage was 35/38 in male, which was significantly higher than that in female (11/16, χ² = 4.867, P<0.05). Liver damage was found in all of 26 patients who were HBeAg positive on admission, 34 patients who were HBV DNA positive on admission, and 36 patients who developed sepsis in the process of treatment; the proportions were significantly higher than those in patients who were HBeAg negative on admission (20/28), patients who were HBV DNA negative on admission (12/20), and patients who did not develop sepsis in the process of treatment (10/18), with χ² values respectively 11.801, 18.384, and 20.574, P values below 0.01. (2) The incidence of HBV reactivation in these patients was 29.6% (16/54). Among all the patients, the proportion of HBV reactivation was 13/38 in male and 3/16 in female, with no statistically significant difference between them (χ² = 0.656, P>0.05). The proportions of HBV reactivation in patients who were HBeAg positive on admission, patients who were HBV DNA positive on admission, and patients who developed sepsis in the process of treatment were respectively 13/26, 16/34, and 15/36, and they were significantly higher than those in patients who were HBeAg negative on admission (3/28), patients who were HBV DNA negative on admission (0/20), and patients who did not develop sepsis in the process of treatment (1/18), with χ² values respectively 9.979, 18.615, and 5.873, P<0.05 or P<0.01.

<b>CONCLUSIONSb>Patients who are HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive, HBV DNA positive on admission, and develop sepsis in the process of treatment of extremely severe burn injury are more likely to develop liver damage and HBV reactivation. It is necessary to dynamically monitor the changes in HBV DNA and liver function, in order to identity the reactivation of virus.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Burns ; complications ; drug therapy ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies