There are 22.94% HBsAg(+) and 41.28% anti-HBs(+) in pregnant women in Dalat. The risk of transmission of the virus is especially high (63.64%) in newborns of carrier mothers who have tested positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg. Beside 8% of newborns have been infected with HBV from horizontal transmission.
Hepatitis B ; Pregnant Women ; Infant, Newborn ; Transmission

An inquiry form was distributed to 200 persons in Thuan Thanh commune, Hue city to investigate their awareness on hepatitis B virus. Most subjects (67.50%) known that the disease transfers through the blood way, depending on education level, a lower rate – 34% believe that the disease transfers from mother to child, and 29% by sexual relation. Most people recognized the high risk of intravenous drug use and prostitution. A low rate of people recognized the other risks as homosexual relation or health profession. A majority (69.5%) known the need of vaccine, but only 36% known the use of condom in intercourse as a preventive mean. Particularly, 36% believed on the isolation of hepatitis B patients
Hepatitis B virus ; Risk Factors ; Diseases ; transmission

Hepatitis B ; transmission ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control

Background: Hepatitis B is an infectious illness caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) which infects the liver of hominoidea, including humans, and causes an inflammation called hepatitis. Objectives: The aim of study is to clarify clinical features and molecular characteristics of HBV in chronic HBV-infected patients with A 1899 mutation. Subjects and method: HBV genotype, HBV-ONA level, HBeAg and anti-HBe in 29 chronic HBV-infected patients were determined by PCR-RFLP, Real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing. Results: Mutations in core-promoter/precore regions of HBV genome can suppress HBeAg secretion and stimulate HBV-ONA replication. The prevalence of hepatocel- lular carcinoma (HCc): 10/29, liver cirrhosis (LC) : 15/29 are significantly higher than that in chronic hepatitis (CH) : 4/29 (P < 0.001). HbeAg seroconversion rate in CH (75%) is higher than that in HCC \r\n', u'(40%) and in LC (53.3%), but not significant (P > 0.05). ALT level is the highest in CH and the lowest in HCC \r\n', u'(P = 0.02), 8/10 (80%) HCC patients have normal range of ALT. HBV-ONA level in HCC and in LC is significantly higher than that in CH (P = 0.024). The emerging of A 1899 is often accompanied by C/G1753 mutation (37.9%) and dual core-promoter mutation T1762A1764 (79.3%). Conclusion: A1899 mutation can play a role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases in chronic HBV-infected Vietnamese.\r\n', u'
Hepatitis B virus/ growth & ; development ; physiology ; Hepatitis B ; Chronic/ pathology ; transmission

No abstract available.
Female ; Hepatitis B/*transmission ; Humans ; *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; *National Health Programs ; Pregnancy ; *Tertiary Care Centers

Female ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To evaluate the effect of different combined immunoprophylaxis delivery modes on mother to infant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

<b>METHODSb>Six hundred and ninety-six relevant literatures were collected by systematic literature search. Meta-analysis was applied to seven selected literatures that met the criteria and to assess the influence on the infant HBV transmission via different delivery patterns by infants combined immunoprophylaxis.

<b>RESULTSb>A total of 1435 cases from seven studies which met the criteria were included. The positive rate of HBV was 7.34% (61/831) among the 831 infants in the vaginal delivery group and 4.80% (29/604) among the 604 infants in the caesarean section group. There was no statistically difference between the two groups (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.45 - 1.11, Z = 1.52, P = 0.13).

<b>CONCLUSIONb>There was no significant effect of delivery modes on infant infectious rate of HBV by infants' passive and active immunization.

Delivery, Obstetric ; methods ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy

<b>OBJECTIVESb>To investigate the characteristics of mutations in PreS/S gene of HBV in children infected through mother-to-infant transmission and in their mothers with different degree of viremia.

<b>METHODSb>There were 15 pairs of child and mother in this study. Mothers of all children were chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carrier (ASC) before pregnancy and the children were not inoculated against HBV after birth. Anti-HBV medicine was never administrated to all subjects. The serological markers of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virus were tested and the titers of serum HBV DNA were quantitated. PreS/S gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pGEM-T vector with T-A cloning technique. The recombinant plasmid pGEM-PreS/S was confirmed by digestion with restriction enzyme ApaI and SacI. Two clones were selected to be sequenced from each patient.

<b>RESULTSb>According to the degree of viremia in every pair of mother and child, 15 pairs of child and mother were divided into three groups: group A (both children and mothers had high viremia with HBeAg-positive), group B (high in children and low in mothers with anti-HBe positive), and group C (low in children and high in mothers), and there were 5 pairs in each group. The subtype of each pair was the same. There were 4/5 pairs of HBV with B/adw2 and 1/5 pair of HBV with C/adrq+ in each group. It was shown that there were no difference among the four high viremia groups or between the two low viremia groups in the number of mutations and the number of mutational positions. However, there was significant difference between high viremia group and low viremia group. The mutation was not related to age. There were 56 mutational positions and there was no mutational hotspot in high viremia patients. In two low viremia groups (the mothers in group B and the children in group C), there were 113 mutational positions and 85 mutational positions were hotspots (owned by 5/8 clones in each) which could make 37 amino acids changed. Most of mutational amino acids were located within T and B cell epitopes of envelope protein or/and located in the surrounding regions.

<b>CONCLUSIONSb>There are many differences in HBV with different degree of viremia, even if it comes from the same strain. There are some regular patterns in the mutations of HBV after HBeAg seroconversion happened.

Adult ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; transmission ; virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Male ; Point Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Protein Precursors ; genetics

Australia ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis C ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; Risk Assessment