Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; genetics ; Humans ; Transcription, Genetic

Alanine Transaminase ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Humans

Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; genetics ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results

Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To compare the circular pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients according to the tongue diagnosis. METHODS: Totally 41 CHB patients with typical white tongue coating (WTC) or yellow tongue coating (YTC) were enrolled and 14 healthy volunteers with normal tongue manifestation served as controls. The mRNA expression of peripheral leukocytes was detected by GeneChips, and 9 genes were randomly selected for expression validation. Circular metabolites were detected by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Biological information was analyzed based on ingenuity pathways analysis or metabolomics database and the integrated networks were constructed by ClueGO. RESULTS: A total of 945 and 716 differentially expressed genes were found in patients with WTC and YTC relative to healthy volunteers respectively. The biological information analysis indicated that CHB patients had obviously increased functions in cell death, apoptosis and necrosis (Z-score ⩾2, P<0.05) and decreased activation in T lymphocytes (Z-score ⩽-2, P<0.05), regardless of the tongue manifestation. Compared to patients with WTC, the YTC patients were predicted to be more active in functions related to virus replication (Z-score ⩾2, P<0.05), and the content of circular fatty acids, such as oleic acid (P=0.098) and lauric acid (P=0.035), and citric acid cycle-related metabolites were higher in the YTC patients (P<0.1). The integrated analysis based on differential genes and metabolites indicated that the most difference in the biological function network between the WTC and YTC patients was tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 mediated-nuclear factor kappa-B activation process. CONCLUSIONS CHB patients with YTC had more severe inflammation and fatty acids metabolism aberrant than patients with WTC. The results facilitate the modern pathological annotation of Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis theory and provide a reference for the interpretation of pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese medicine treatment.
Fatty Acids ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tongue

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To investigate the distribution of Hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes among patients with chronic hepatitis B in Xinjiang Uighur.

<b>METHODSb>The HBV genotypes and subgenotypes were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 109 patients with chronic hepatitis B.

<b>RESULTSb>Two HBV genotypes, genotype C (45.9%) and genotype C/D (29.4%) were prevalent, genotype B (8.3%) and genotype D (16.5%) were also found in Xinjiang Uighur. Genotype C had two subgenotypes, C1 (54%) and C2 (46%). Genotype B had only one subgenotype, i.e. Ba. The subgenotype C2 was associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>In Uygurs, the most common HBV genotypes were C and C/D, and the subgenotype C2 was associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; virology ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; virology

Critical Illness ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Transcription, Genetic ; Virus Replication

China ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Male

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients with chronic HBV infection among 11 cities of China.

<b>METHODSb>A total of 1214 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV infection were collected in 11 cities of China, including Beijing, Qingyuan, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Hanchuan, Nanjing, Changchun, Liaocheng, Jinan, Ningbo and Wenzhou. Genotypes of the 1214 HBV strains were identified by PCR method with type specific primers. Parts of the results were confirmed by direct sequencing analysis of PCR products.

<b>RESULTSb>Among the 1214 patients with chronic HBV infection, 0.7% (9/1214)were genotype A, 28.4% (345/1214)genotype B, 58.4% (709/1214) genotype C, and 12.4% (151/1214) genotype B and genotype C mixed infection. No other genotypes were found. Genotype C was predominant in the northern part of China, such as Changchun, Beijing, Shijiazhuang,while genotype B was more commonly seen in south of China. 71.4% (20/28) for patients from Qingyuan and 63.6% (70/110) from Shenzhen were infected with genotype B.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>HBV genotypes had distinct geographic distribution. Genotype B and C the predominant strains in patients with chronic HBV infection in China. Genotype C was predominantly identified in the northern part of China versus genotype B the south.

China ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Geography ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction