No abstract available.
Adult ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Immunization ; Influenza, Human ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Tetanus ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Hepatitis A/prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies/*blood ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*immunology ; Humans ; Korea ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

No abstract available.
Hepatitis A/prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies/*blood ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*immunology ; Humans ; Korea ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the simple infection and super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV in patients with viral hepatitis.

METHODSUsing EIA method to detect anti-HAV IgM, HBV serum markers, anti-HCV IgM, anti-HDV IgM, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HGV IgM in viral hepatitis patients with different clinical types.

RESULTSSeventy-three percent patients (154/210) had HBV infection markers, twenty-nine percent patients (61/210) had HAV infection marker, eight percent patients (17/210) had HCV, HDV infection markers, ten percent patients (21/210) had HEV infection and seven percent patients (15/210) had HGV infection. Only nine percent patients (20/210) had viral hepatitis serum markers negative. In all clinical types, sixty-one percent patients had only one type hepatitis virus infection, thirty-two percent patients had two types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection, six percent patients had three types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection. Super/co-infection often occurred in patients who had cirrhosis or hepatic failure.

CONCLUSIONHBV and HAV infection is very common in viral hepatitis patients, whereas HCV, HDV, HEV and HGV infection is relatively low; double super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV frequently occurs in severe patients with viral hepatitis.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; GB virus C ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis A virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis E ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Superinfection

PURPOSE: Assessing the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines is important because some people receive only a single dose. However, previous studies have shown variable results and have not examined the effects of demographic characteristics other than gender. This study was performed to examine the immunogenicity of a single dose of HAV vaccine according to the vaccine type and demographic characteristics in young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seronegative medical school students were randomly allocated to receive either Havrix or Epaxal. RESULTS: After approximately 11 months, the seroconversion rate in 451 participants was 80.7%. In men, the Havrix group showed a significantly higher seroconversion rate (81.9%) than the Epaxal group (69.2%), whereas both vaccine groups showed similarly high immunogenicity in women (Havrix: 90.1%, Epaxal: 92.9%; P for interaction=0.062). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, Epaxal showed significantly lower immunogenicity than Havrix only in men. Age, obesity, drinking, smoking, and follow-up time did not significantly affect seroconversion in either gender. CONCLUSION: The seroconversion rate of single-dose HAV vaccines was low in men, particularly in those who received Epaxal. Our results suggest that gender effects should be considered when comparing the immunogenicity of different HAV vaccines.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis A/*immunology/*prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*immunology/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) is a major public health concern in the Philippines where one out of eight Filipinos is infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Studies in the US among family physicians and in Canada among family medicine trainees have found that there were knowledge gaps with regards to CHB.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge on prevention, detection, and management of Chronic Hepatitis B among family medicine residents in Metro Cebu.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire focused on Hepatitis B vaccination, screening of at-risk patients, diagnostic testing, recognizing and managing patients with CHB and cirrhosis. The tool was adopted from a nationwide survey of Canadian family medicine trainees on hepatitis B. This was distributed to all family medicine residents of accredited training hospitals in Cebu.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine family medicine residents in total were able to participate in the survey. On routine vaccination for hepatitis B, 69% respondents recommended it to their patients. However, only 5% were able to correctly identify the recommended screening tests for Hepatitis B status and 36% of respondents used ALT/AST as an initial screening test for HBV. In correctly interpreting serologic patterns of HBV, 72% to 87% were able to answer correctly but only 8% were able to identify CHB patients who are at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
CONCLUSION: Results show that family medicine residents of Cebu need a review and an update in their knowledge on vaccination, use of appropriate screening tests, identifying risk factors for hepatitis B and recognizing those at risk for cirrhosis. Improvements in this area could help the trainees in decreasing risk of transmission for HBV; assist patients in receiving appropriate counsel, medical service and proper monitoring and assessment for treatment.

Human ; Hepatitis B Virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Family Practice ; Liver Neoplasms ; Hepatitis B ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Vaccination

Infection-induced acute hepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis is associated with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis E virus. Although rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection should be considered also in the differential diagnosis if the patient has acute hepatitis combined with pancreatitis. We report a case of EBV infection with cholestatic hepatitis and pancreatitis with review of literature. An 11-year-old female was admitted due to 1-day history of abdominal pain and vomiting without any clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Diagnosis of reactivated EBV infection was made by the positive result of viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM, VCA IgG, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and heterophile antibody test. We performed serologic tests and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to exclude other viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disorder, and structural problems. The patient's symptoms recovered rapidly and blood chemistry returned to normal with conservative treatment similar to previously reported cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Bacterial Infections ; Capsid ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Cholestasis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis E virus ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; Pancreatitis ; Serologic Tests ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between pre-core G1896A point mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and safety of breast feeding.

METHODSSerum and breast milk samples were collected from 62 pregnant women of HBV DNA positive/HBeAg negative. PCR-solid phase hybridization was used to detect the point mutation in pre-core region G1896A of HBV from pregnant women, and HBV DNA loads in sera and breast milk were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).

RESULTSThe prevalence of point mutation was 61.3% (38/62) in 62 pregnant women with HBsAg positive/HBeAg negative. The positive rate of HBV DNA in breast milk of group with point mutation (28.9%) was similar to that of group without mutation (29.2%, chi2=0.0003, P>0.05). However, The positive rate of HBV DNA in breast milk of group with high HBV loads (56.0%) was significantly higher than that of group with low HBV loads (10.8%, chi2=14.79, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe point mutation in pre-core region G1896A of HBV dose not affect the positive rate of HBV DNA in breast milk and higher HBV DNA loads in serum of pregnant women might increase the risk of mother-infant transmission.

Breast Feeding ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; transmission ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Milk, Human ; virology ; Point Mutation ; Pregnancy

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome(GCS) is a distinct exanthematic, acrolocated eruption of childhood caused by a variety of infectious agents. Historically hepatitis B antigen positive(HBsAG+) papular acrodermatitis of childhood and HBsAg negative(HBsAg-) papulovesicular acrolocated syndrome have been distinguished. Here we present a 22-month-old female patient who developed eruptions typical for GCS and showed serologic evidence of an acute Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection. Serologic investigations revealed no evidence of recent infection with most common viruses except EBV infection. This case suggests that EBV infection should be sought in cases of GCS which cannot be related to HBV infection.
Acrodermatitis* ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Infant

The nature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) particle associated DNA polymerase was studied in relation to various enzyme inhibitors including antiviral agents. HBV DNA polymerase required high concentration of MgCl2(> 30 mM) and neutral pH for its full activity. p-chloromercuribenzoate was a strong inhibitor (85% inhibition at 1 mM) but N-ethylmaleimide had much less inhibitory effect (20% inhibition at 10 mM). Phosphonoformic acid showed the greatest inhibitory effect on HBV-DNA polymerase (almost complete inhibition at 100 microM) among phosphocompounds tested. Adenine arabinoside triphosphate (ara-ATP) and cytosine arabinoside triphosphate (ara-CTP) were competitive inhibitors with respect to their respective deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dATP and dCTP). Ara-CPT was a stronger inhibitor of HBV-DNA polymerase compared to ara-ATP. Ki values for ara-ATP and ara-CTP were 15.0 microM and 11.7 microM , respectively. HBV-DNA polymerase is characteristic in its ionic requirements and susceptibilities to certain inhibitors.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/antagonists & inhibitors ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism* ; Hepatitis B Virus/enzymology* ; Human